Solar System & the Earth and basics
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- Question 1 of 25
1. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyArrange the following time periods chronologically:
1. Little Ice Age
2. Roman Warm Period
3. Medieval Warm Period
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
The Roman Warm Period was a period of unusually warm weather in Europe and the North Atlantic that ran from approximately 250 BC to AD 400.
The Medieval Warm Period (MWP) or Medieval Climate Anomaly was a time of warm climate in the North Atlantic region lasting from about 900–1300 AD.
The Little Ice Age (LIA), climate interval that occurred from the early 14th century through the mid-19th century, when mountain glaciers expanded at several locations, including the European Alps, New Zealand, Alaska, and the southern Andes, and mean annual temperatures across the Northern Hemisphere declined.
# As per a new study by the Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology (WIHG), an autonomous institute of the Department of Science & Technology (DST); Global climatic events like the Roman Warm Period, Medieval Climate Anomaly, and the Little Ice Age may have had significant impacts on India’s landscape, vegetation, and socio-economic growth, with abrupt shifts in the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) coinciding with these climatic events.Incorrect
The Roman Warm Period was a period of unusually warm weather in Europe and the North Atlantic that ran from approximately 250 BC to AD 400.
The Medieval Warm Period (MWP) or Medieval Climate Anomaly was a time of warm climate in the North Atlantic region lasting from about 900–1300 AD.
The Little Ice Age (LIA), climate interval that occurred from the early 14th century through the mid-19th century, when mountain glaciers expanded at several locations, including the European Alps, New Zealand, Alaska, and the southern Andes, and mean annual temperatures across the Northern Hemisphere declined.
# As per a new study by the Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology (WIHG), an autonomous institute of the Department of Science & Technology (DST); Global climatic events like the Roman Warm Period, Medieval Climate Anomaly, and the Little Ice Age may have had significant impacts on India’s landscape, vegetation, and socio-economic growth, with abrupt shifts in the Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) coinciding with these climatic events. - Question 2 of 25
2. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following statements correctly defines Quasars?
Correct
Quasars are extremely remote celestial objects, emitting exceptionally large amounts of energy.
Quasars are believed to produce their energy from supermassive black holes in the center of the galaxies in which the quasars are located. Because quasars are so bright, they drown out the light from all the other stars in the same galaxy.Incorrect
Quasars are extremely remote celestial objects, emitting exceptionally large amounts of energy.
Quasars are believed to produce their energy from supermassive black holes in the center of the galaxies in which the quasars are located. Because quasars are so bright, they drown out the light from all the other stars in the same galaxy. - Question 3 of 25
3. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhat is “Sagittarius A*” that has been in news recently?
Correct
Sagittarius A* is a bright and very compact astronomical radio source at the Galactic Center of the Milky Way. Based on mass and increasingly precise radius limits, astronomers have concluded that Sagittarius A* is the Milky Way’s central supermassive black hole.
Nobel Prize 2020 (Physics) winners Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez each lead a group of astronomers that, since the early 1990s, has focused on a region called Sagittarius A* at the centre of our galaxy. Their pioneering work has produced the most convincing evidence yet of a supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way.Incorrect
Sagittarius A* is a bright and very compact astronomical radio source at the Galactic Center of the Milky Way. Based on mass and increasingly precise radius limits, astronomers have concluded that Sagittarius A* is the Milky Way’s central supermassive black hole.
Nobel Prize 2020 (Physics) winners Reinhard Genzel and Andrea Ghez each lead a group of astronomers that, since the early 1990s, has focused on a region called Sagittarius A* at the centre of our galaxy. Their pioneering work has produced the most convincing evidence yet of a supermassive black hole at the centre of the Milky Way. - Question 4 of 25
4. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyConsider the following statements:
1.‘Opposition’ refers to an event when Sun, Earth and an outer planet are lined up, with the Earth in the middle.
2.Mars has made its closest approach of twenty first century to Earth in October 2020.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Statement 1 is correct. ‘Opposition’ is the event when the Sun, Earth and an outer planet are lined up, with the Earth in the middle. Mars opposition event is when Mars is directly on the opposite side of Earth from the Sun. During this opposition, Mars and Earth are closest to each other in their orbits.
Statement 2 is incorrect. Mars Close Approach was Oct. 6, 2020; that is the point in Mars’ orbit when it comes closest to Earth, this time at about 38.6 million miles (62.07 million kilometers) from our planet, the opposition will happen on October 13.
Close Approach is when Mars and Earth come nearest to each other in their orbits around the sun. Close is a relative term. The minimum distance from Earth to Mars is about 33.9 million miles (54.6 million kilometers). However, that doesn’t happen very often.
In 2003, Mars made its closest approach to Earth in nearly 60,000 years! It won’t be that close again until the year 2287.Incorrect
Statement 1 is correct. ‘Opposition’ is the event when the Sun, Earth and an outer planet are lined up, with the Earth in the middle. Mars opposition event is when Mars is directly on the opposite side of Earth from the Sun. During this opposition, Mars and Earth are closest to each other in their orbits.
Statement 2 is incorrect. Mars Close Approach was Oct. 6, 2020; that is the point in Mars’ orbit when it comes closest to Earth, this time at about 38.6 million miles (62.07 million kilometers) from our planet, the opposition will happen on October 13.
Close Approach is when Mars and Earth come nearest to each other in their orbits around the sun. Close is a relative term. The minimum distance from Earth to Mars is about 33.9 million miles (54.6 million kilometers). However, that doesn’t happen very often.
In 2003, Mars made its closest approach to Earth in nearly 60,000 years! It won’t be that close again until the year 2287. - Question 5 of 25
5. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyConsider the following statements:
1. The Gravitational waves, that are theorised to be disturbances in the curvature of spacetime, have never been detected in human history.
2. A black hole is a region of space where matter has collapsed in on itself and the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing except light can escape.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Statement 1 is incorrect. A gravitational wave is an invisible (yet incredibly fast) ripple in space. Gravitational waves travel at the speed of light (186,000 miles per second). These waves squeeze and stretch anything in their path as they pass by. A gravitational wave is an invisible (yet incredibly fast) ripple in space.
In 2015, scientists detected gravitational waves for the very first time. They used a very sensitive instrument called LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory). These first gravitational waves happened when two black holes crashed into one another. The collision happened 1.3 billion years ago.
Statement 2 is incorrect. A black hole is a region of space where matter has collapsed in on itself and the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. Black holes emerge from the explosive demise of certain large stars, but some are truly gargantuan and are billions of times the mass of our Sun.
Black holes are detected from the way they influence their surroundings, they produce observable gravitational waves as they spiral in to each other.
# Scientists from LIGO and Virgo have detected the largest collision between two black holes to date, which appears to have created an “intermediate-mass” black hole.
# LIGO-VIRGO collaboration operates three super-sensitive gravitational wave-detection systems in America and Europe.Incorrect
Statement 1 is incorrect. A gravitational wave is an invisible (yet incredibly fast) ripple in space. Gravitational waves travel at the speed of light (186,000 miles per second). These waves squeeze and stretch anything in their path as they pass by. A gravitational wave is an invisible (yet incredibly fast) ripple in space.
In 2015, scientists detected gravitational waves for the very first time. They used a very sensitive instrument called LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory). These first gravitational waves happened when two black holes crashed into one another. The collision happened 1.3 billion years ago.
Statement 2 is incorrect. A black hole is a region of space where matter has collapsed in on itself and the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape. Black holes emerge from the explosive demise of certain large stars, but some are truly gargantuan and are billions of times the mass of our Sun.
Black holes are detected from the way they influence their surroundings, they produce observable gravitational waves as they spiral in to each other.
# Scientists from LIGO and Virgo have detected the largest collision between two black holes to date, which appears to have created an “intermediate-mass” black hole.
# LIGO-VIRGO collaboration operates three super-sensitive gravitational wave-detection systems in America and Europe. - Question 6 of 25
6. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyConsider the following statements regarding the Solar Cycle 25:
1. It has concluded in 2019 and the Solar Cycle 26 has begun.
2. The beginning of the solar cycle is the solar maximum, when the Sun has the most sunspots.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
The solar cycle is the cycle that the Sun’s magnetic field goes through approximately every 11 years. This means that the Sun’s north and south poles switch places. Then it takes about another 11 years for the Sun’s north and south poles to flip back again.
Statement 1 is incorrect. Recently, scientists from NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), USA announced their predictions about the new solar cycle, called Solar Cycle 25, which they believe has begun.
The Solar Cycle 25 Prediction Panel, an international group of experts co-sponsored by NASA and NOAA, announced that solar minimum occurred in December 2019, marking the start of a new solar cycle. Because our Sun is so variable, it can take months after the fact to declare this event. Scientists use sunspots to track solar cycle progress.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The beginning of a solar cycle is a solar minimum, or when the Sun has the least sunspots. Over time, solar activity and the number of sunspots increase.
The middle of the solar cycle is the solar maximum, or when the Sun has the most sunspots. As the cycle ends, it fades back to the solar minimum and then a new cycle begins.Incorrect
The solar cycle is the cycle that the Sun’s magnetic field goes through approximately every 11 years. This means that the Sun’s north and south poles switch places. Then it takes about another 11 years for the Sun’s north and south poles to flip back again.
Statement 1 is incorrect. Recently, scientists from NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), USA announced their predictions about the new solar cycle, called Solar Cycle 25, which they believe has begun.
The Solar Cycle 25 Prediction Panel, an international group of experts co-sponsored by NASA and NOAA, announced that solar minimum occurred in December 2019, marking the start of a new solar cycle. Because our Sun is so variable, it can take months after the fact to declare this event. Scientists use sunspots to track solar cycle progress.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The beginning of a solar cycle is a solar minimum, or when the Sun has the least sunspots. Over time, solar activity and the number of sunspots increase.
The middle of the solar cycle is the solar maximum, or when the Sun has the most sunspots. As the cycle ends, it fades back to the solar minimum and then a new cycle begins. - Question 7 of 25
7. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyConsider the following statements regarding planet Venus:
1. It is the hottest planet in our solar system.
2. The United States of America is the only nation to land spacecraft on the surface of Venus.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Statement 1 is correct. Venus has a thick, toxic atmosphere filled with carbon dioxide and it’s perpetually shrouded in thick, yellowish clouds of mostly sulfuric acid that trap heat, causing a runaway greenhouse effect.
It’s the hottest planet in our solar system, even though Mercury is closer to the Sun. Venus has crushing air pressure at its surface – more than 90 times that of Earth.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The former Soviet Union is the only nation to land on the surface of Venus to date, though the spacecraft did not survive long in the harsh environment.
The Soviet Union’s Venera 13 in 1982 survived the intense heat and crushing pressure of Venus’ surface for around two hours and transmitted color images from the surface of Venus.Incorrect
Statement 1 is correct. Venus has a thick, toxic atmosphere filled with carbon dioxide and it’s perpetually shrouded in thick, yellowish clouds of mostly sulfuric acid that trap heat, causing a runaway greenhouse effect.
It’s the hottest planet in our solar system, even though Mercury is closer to the Sun. Venus has crushing air pressure at its surface – more than 90 times that of Earth.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The former Soviet Union is the only nation to land on the surface of Venus to date, though the spacecraft did not survive long in the harsh environment.
The Soviet Union’s Venera 13 in 1982 survived the intense heat and crushing pressure of Venus’ surface for around two hours and transmitted color images from the surface of Venus. - Question 8 of 25
8. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyConsider the following statements:
1. More than two thirds of the surface of Earth is covered by water.
2. More than two thirds of the freshwater of Earth is in the form of Glaciers and ice caps.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Both statements are correct.
Water makes up about 71% of the Earth’s surface, while the other 29% consists of continents and islands.
About 96.5% of all the Earth’s water is contained within the oceans as salt water, while the remaining 3.5% is freshwater lakes and frozen water locked up in glaciers and the polar ice caps. Of that fresh water, 69% of it takes the form of ice.Incorrect
Both statements are correct.
Water makes up about 71% of the Earth’s surface, while the other 29% consists of continents and islands.
About 96.5% of all the Earth’s water is contained within the oceans as salt water, while the remaining 3.5% is freshwater lakes and frozen water locked up in glaciers and the polar ice caps. Of that fresh water, 69% of it takes the form of ice. - Question 9 of 25
9. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the isarithmic maps/lines:
- It is a type of thematic map that represents a continuous field using line and/or region symbols to connect places of similar value.
- Contour maps, Isotherm maps and Isobar maps are the examples of isarithm maps.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
An Isarithmic map is a type of thematic map that represents a continuous field using line and/or region symbols to connect places of similar value.
It is sometimes called a heat map, although the term heat map should only be used for one type of isarithmic map that represents density.
In general, these maps are used to help visualize continuous data sets by utilizing color, especially hue and value.
There are a number of ways to symbolize isarithmic maps; no matter the design method, the phenomenon being represented must be a quantitative continuous field.
Contour maps, Isotherm maps and Isobar maps are the examples of isarithm maps.
Incorrect
An Isarithmic map is a type of thematic map that represents a continuous field using line and/or region symbols to connect places of similar value.
It is sometimes called a heat map, although the term heat map should only be used for one type of isarithmic map that represents density.
In general, these maps are used to help visualize continuous data sets by utilizing color, especially hue and value.
There are a number of ways to symbolize isarithmic maps; no matter the design method, the phenomenon being represented must be a quantitative continuous field.
Contour maps, Isotherm maps and Isobar maps are the examples of isarithm maps.
- Question 10 of 25
10. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following port city is nearest to tropic of cancer in India?
Correct
Kandla port city is the nearest to tropic of cancer in India.
Incorrect
Kandla port city is the nearest to tropic of cancer in India.
- Question 11 of 25
11. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe “Indian Standard Meridian” passes through which of the following States?
- Uttar Pradesh
- Madhya Pradesh
- Jharkhand
- Chhattisgarh
- Odisha
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
The Indian Standard Meridian passes through mostly 5 states which are
Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh
British India did not adopt the international standard time zones until 1905 when
the meridian passing through Allahabad at 82.5º east (of Greenwich Meridian) longitude
was picked as the central meridian for India, corresponding to a single time zone for the
country at 5 hours and 30 minutes in advance of GMT. This went into force on January 1,
- However, Calcutta time was officially maintained as a separate time zone until 1948.
Bombay time was maintained but only informally until about 1955. After independence and
the partition of British India, Pakistan stayed on Indian Standard Time for three years and
adopted Pakistan Standard Time at 5 hours in advance of GMT in 1951.
Incorrect
The Indian Standard Meridian passes through mostly 5 states which are
Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Andhra Pradesh
British India did not adopt the international standard time zones until 1905 when
the meridian passing through Allahabad at 82.5º east (of Greenwich Meridian) longitude
was picked as the central meridian for India, corresponding to a single time zone for the
country at 5 hours and 30 minutes in advance of GMT. This went into force on January 1,
- However, Calcutta time was officially maintained as a separate time zone until 1948.
Bombay time was maintained but only informally until about 1955. After independence and
the partition of British India, Pakistan stayed on Indian Standard Time for three years and
adopted Pakistan Standard Time at 5 hours in advance of GMT in 1951.
- Question 12 of 25
12. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentArrange the following reservoirs of water on earth’s surface in ascending order of
their percentage?
- Oceans
- Ice caps
- Lakes
- Streams and Rivers
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
About 71 per cent of the planetary water is found in the oceans. The
remaining is held as freshwater in glaciers and icecaps, groundwater sources, lakes, soil
moisture, atmosphere, streams and within life.
Incorrect
About 71 per cent of the planetary water is found in the oceans. The
remaining is held as freshwater in glaciers and icecaps, groundwater sources, lakes, soil
moisture, atmosphere, streams and within life.
- Question 13 of 25
13. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following city is farthest city to 80* E longitude in India?
Correct
80* E longitude passes near through Kanpur (UP), Jabalpur (MP), Nellore in
Andhra Pradesh and Chennai in Tamil Nadu.
Incorrect
80* E longitude passes near through Kanpur (UP), Jabalpur (MP), Nellore in
Andhra Pradesh and Chennai in Tamil Nadu.
- Question 14 of 25
14. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentArrange the following Islands of Indian Ocean from West to East:
- Seychelles
- Assumption Island
- Agalega Island
- Diego Garcia
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
The Indian Ocean is the world’s third largest ocean and covers 70,560,000
km². Three continents have coastlines on the Indian Ocean; these are Asia, Africa,
and Australia to the north, west, and east respectively. The Indian Ocean meets
the Southern Ocean to the south. The Indian Ocean is home to hundreds of islands. Six
island nations are located in the Indian Ocean, namely Comoros, Madagascar, Maldives,
Mauritius, Seychelles, and Sri Lanka.
Incorrect
The Indian Ocean is the world’s third largest ocean and covers 70,560,000
km². Three continents have coastlines on the Indian Ocean; these are Asia, Africa,
and Australia to the north, west, and east respectively. The Indian Ocean meets
the Southern Ocean to the south. The Indian Ocean is home to hundreds of islands. Six
island nations are located in the Indian Ocean, namely Comoros, Madagascar, Maldives,
Mauritius, Seychelles, and Sri Lanka.
- Question 15 of 25
15. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe term isohyet is related to which of the following?
Correct
An isohyet is also known as isohyetal line, and it is a line on a map which
connects points that have the same amounts of precipitation in a given period or for a particular storm. The method used in estimating average rainfall across a particular area is
known as an isohyetal method.
- Isotherm: a line on a map connecting points having the same temperature at a
given time or on average over a given period.
- Isobar: A line drawn on a weather map connecting points of equal pressure is called
an isobar. The isobars are generated from mean sea level pressure reports and
the pressure values are given in millibars.
Incorrect
An isohyet is also known as isohyetal line, and it is a line on a map which
connects points that have the same amounts of precipitation in a given period or for a particular storm. The method used in estimating average rainfall across a particular area is
known as an isohyetal method.
- Isotherm: a line on a map connecting points having the same temperature at a
given time or on average over a given period.
- Isobar: A line drawn on a weather map connecting points of equal pressure is called
an isobar. The isobars are generated from mean sea level pressure reports and
the pressure values are given in millibars.
- Question 16 of 25
16. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following is/are ideal conditions for temperature inversion?
- Long days, so that the outgoing radiation is greater than the incoming radiation
- Clear skies, which allow unobstructed escape of radiation.
- Calm and stable air, so that there is no vertical mixing at lower levels.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
Temperature inversion is a reversal of the normal behavior of temperature in
the troposphere, in which a layer of cool air at the surface is overlain by a layer of warmer
air. (Under normal conditions, temperature usually decreases with height).
Ideal Conditions for Temperature Inversion:
- Long nights, so that the outgoing radiation is greater than the incoming radiation.
- Clear skies, which allow unobstructed escape of radiation.
- Calm and stable air, so that there is no vertical mixing at lower levels.
Incorrect
Temperature inversion is a reversal of the normal behavior of temperature in
the troposphere, in which a layer of cool air at the surface is overlain by a layer of warmer
air. (Under normal conditions, temperature usually decreases with height).
Ideal Conditions for Temperature Inversion:
- Long nights, so that the outgoing radiation is greater than the incoming radiation.
- Clear skies, which allow unobstructed escape of radiation.
- Calm and stable air, so that there is no vertical mixing at lower levels.
- Question 17 of 25
17. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the different types of Maps:
- General maps portray spatial associations of a variety of geographical phenomenon on a map.
- Cadastral maps portray spatial variations of a single phenomenon or the relationship between phenomena.
- Thematic Maps portray natural phenomena along with features produced by human activity.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
A map is a representation of a selection of real features on the Earth.
It is designed to record the relationships between features and to allow these relationships to be analyzed.
A map may be very simple (e.g. a sketch showing the location of plants in your garden) or very complex (e.g. a topographic map of the Australian Alps).
General Maps: These are simple maps showing important physical (natural and man–made) features in an area.
Their main purpose is to summarize the landscape to aid discovery of locations.
They are usually easy to read and understand. Most of the early mapping of the Earth falls into this group.
Thematic Maps: These are maps which depict information on a particular topic or theme.
The detail portrayed on a thematic map may be physical, statistical, measured, or interpreted, and sometimes requires specialist knowledge by the map user.
- Weather, population density and geology maps are examples of thematic maps.
Topographic Maps: Like General Reference Maps, Topographic Maps are a summary of the landscape and show important physical (natural and man-made) features in an area. The primary difference is that they show elevation in detail.
Cadastral Maps: The cadastre of a country is its register of property titles and is usually managed by government agencies.
The information recorded includes an accurate description of the location of a parcel of land and who owns it.
It may also record what the land can be used for (e.g. residential or not, national park etc) and may also show the location and shape of buildings.
Incorrect
A map is a representation of a selection of real features on the Earth.
It is designed to record the relationships between features and to allow these relationships to be analyzed.
A map may be very simple (e.g. a sketch showing the location of plants in your garden) or very complex (e.g. a topographic map of the Australian Alps).
General Maps: These are simple maps showing important physical (natural and man–made) features in an area.
Their main purpose is to summarize the landscape to aid discovery of locations.
They are usually easy to read and understand. Most of the early mapping of the Earth falls into this group.
Thematic Maps: These are maps which depict information on a particular topic or theme.
The detail portrayed on a thematic map may be physical, statistical, measured, or interpreted, and sometimes requires specialist knowledge by the map user.
- Weather, population density and geology maps are examples of thematic maps.
Topographic Maps: Like General Reference Maps, Topographic Maps are a summary of the landscape and show important physical (natural and man-made) features in an area. The primary difference is that they show elevation in detail.
Cadastral Maps: The cadastre of a country is its register of property titles and is usually managed by government agencies.
The information recorded includes an accurate description of the location of a parcel of land and who owns it.
It may also record what the land can be used for (e.g. residential or not, national park etc) and may also show the location and shape of buildings.
- Question 18 of 25
18. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentA system which allows the location of latitudes and longitudes (and heights) to be identified onto the surface of the Earth?
Correct
A datum is a system which allows the location of latitudes and longitudes (and heights) to be identified onto the surface of the Earth – i.e. onto the surface of a ’round’ object.
A projection is a process which uses the latitude and longitude which has already been ‘drawn’ on the surface of the Earth using a datum, to then be ‘drawn’ onto a ‘flat piece of paper’ – called a map.
Incorrect
A datum is a system which allows the location of latitudes and longitudes (and heights) to be identified onto the surface of the Earth – i.e. onto the surface of a ’round’ object.
A projection is a process which uses the latitude and longitude which has already been ‘drawn’ on the surface of the Earth using a datum, to then be ‘drawn’ onto a ‘flat piece of paper’ – called a map.
- Question 19 of 25
19. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe highest tides in the world occur in the Bay of Funday is located in which of the following country?
Correct
The highest tides in the world occur in the Bay of Fundy in Nova Scotia, Canada.
The tidal bulge is 15 – 16 m. Because there are two high tides and two low tides every day (roughly a 24 hour period); then a tide must come in within about a six hour period
- As a rough estimate, the tide rises about 240 cm an hour (1,440 cm divided by 6 hours).
Incorrect
The highest tides in the world occur in the Bay of Fundy in Nova Scotia, Canada.
The tidal bulge is 15 – 16 m. Because there are two high tides and two low tides every day (roughly a 24 hour period); then a tide must come in within about a six hour period
- As a rough estimate, the tide rises about 240 cm an hour (1,440 cm divided by 6 hours).
- Question 20 of 25
20. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe term “lucky latitudes” is related to which of the following?
Correct
Lucky latitudes are refers to the geographical regions where the practice of domestication of wild plants and animals began to happen for the first time in human history.
It includes land that lies between the latitudes of 20 and 35 degrees north in the Old World, and 15 degrees south and 20 degrees north in the Americas.
These regions became more favourable to the rise of civilization when the rise in earth’s temperature ended the last Ice Age around 12,000 years ago
- Consequently, people located in these geographic regions gained a head-start over the rest of the world.
The term was coined by Ian Morris in his book Why the West Rules — For Now.
Incorrect
Lucky latitudes are refers to the geographical regions where the practice of domestication of wild plants and animals began to happen for the first time in human history.
It includes land that lies between the latitudes of 20 and 35 degrees north in the Old World, and 15 degrees south and 20 degrees north in the Americas.
These regions became more favourable to the rise of civilization when the rise in earth’s temperature ended the last Ice Age around 12,000 years ago
- Consequently, people located in these geographic regions gained a head-start over the rest of the world.
The term was coined by Ian Morris in his book Why the West Rules — For Now.
- Question 21 of 25
21. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the “debris-laden Himalayan glaciers”:
- About 20% of Himalayan glaciers are debris-laden.
- Glaciers without debris cover the rate of melting increases as the elevation decreases.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Studying debris-laden Himalayan glaciers is important from the point of view of how climate change affects them.
About 20% of Himalayan glaciers are debris-laden, and their dynamics are very different from the ones without debris cover.
In glaciers without a debris cover, the rate of melting increases as the elevation decreases.
However, in glaciers covered with debris, the thick cover partially insulates the glacier from the warm exterior and thereby slows down the melting.
The thickness of the debris cover, by and large, increases as the glacier flows down.
This works against the general trend that the lower the elevation, the higher the rate of melting.
Matters are further complicated because the thickness of the debris cover is not uniform but fluctuates randomly.
Incorrect
Studying debris-laden Himalayan glaciers is important from the point of view of how climate change affects them.
About 20% of Himalayan glaciers are debris-laden, and their dynamics are very different from the ones without debris cover.
In glaciers without a debris cover, the rate of melting increases as the elevation decreases.
However, in glaciers covered with debris, the thick cover partially insulates the glacier from the warm exterior and thereby slows down the melting.
The thickness of the debris cover, by and large, increases as the glacier flows down.
This works against the general trend that the lower the elevation, the higher the rate of melting.
Matters are further complicated because the thickness of the debris cover is not uniform but fluctuates randomly.
- Question 22 of 25
22. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe words “Pizol, Aletsch and Okjokull” often seen in news is related to which of the following?
Correct
Dozens of people will undertake a “funeral march” up a steep Swiss mountainside on September 2019, to mark the disappearance of an Alpine glacier amid growing global alarm over climate change.
Dressed in black, they will make the solemn two-hour “funeral march” up the side of Pizol mountain in northeastern Switzerland to the foot of the steep and rapidly melting ice formation, situated at an altitude of around 2,700 metres (8,850 feet) near the Liechtenstein and Austrian borders
The move comes after Iceland made global headlines last month with a large ceremony and the laying of a bronze plaque to commemorate Okjokull, the island’s first glacier lost to climate change.
The researchers indicated that the Alps’ largest glacier, the mighty Aletsch, could completely disappear over the next eight decades.
Incorrect
Dozens of people will undertake a “funeral march” up a steep Swiss mountainside on September 2019, to mark the disappearance of an Alpine glacier amid growing global alarm over climate change.
Dressed in black, they will make the solemn two-hour “funeral march” up the side of Pizol mountain in northeastern Switzerland to the foot of the steep and rapidly melting ice formation, situated at an altitude of around 2,700 metres (8,850 feet) near the Liechtenstein and Austrian borders
The move comes after Iceland made global headlines last month with a large ceremony and the laying of a bronze plaque to commemorate Okjokull, the island’s first glacier lost to climate change.
The researchers indicated that the Alps’ largest glacier, the mighty Aletsch, could completely disappear over the next eight decades.
- Question 23 of 25
23. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the “altitude of the midday sun”:
- The sun is vertically overhead at the equator only.
- Beyond the tropics the sun is never overhead at any time of the year.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
In the course of a year, the earth’s revolution round the sun with its axis inclined at 66 ½ to the plane of the ecliptic changes the apparent altitude of the midday sun.
The sun is vertically overhead at the equator on two days each year. These are usually 21st march and 21st September.
After the March equinox the sun appears at move north and is vertically overhead at the tropic of cancer on about 21st June.
By about 22nd December, the sun will be overhead at the tropic of Capricorn.
The tropics thus mark the limits of the overhead sun, for beyond these, the sun is never overhead at any time of the year.
Incorrect
In the course of a year, the earth’s revolution round the sun with its axis inclined at 66 ½ to the plane of the ecliptic changes the apparent altitude of the midday sun.
The sun is vertically overhead at the equator on two days each year. These are usually 21st march and 21st September.
After the March equinox the sun appears at move north and is vertically overhead at the tropic of cancer on about 21st June.
By about 22nd December, the sun will be overhead at the tropic of Capricorn.
The tropics thus mark the limits of the overhead sun, for beyond these, the sun is never overhead at any time of the year.
- Question 24 of 25
24. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following pair (s) is/are correctly matched?
Instrument : Elements of weather
- Stevenson screen : Temperature
- Beaufort scale : Humidity
- Hygrometer : Precipitation
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
Stevenson screen: A Stevenson screen (also known as an instrument shelter) is a meteorological screen to shield instruments against precipitation and direct heat radiation from outside sources, while still allowing air to circulate freely around them.
It forms part of a standard weather station.
Beaufort scale: The Beaufort Scale is an empirical measure that relates wind speed to observed conditions at sea or on land. Its full name is the Beaufort wind force scale.
Hygrometer: Hygrometer, instrument used in meteorological science to measure the humidity, or amount of water vapour in the air.
Incorrect
Stevenson screen: A Stevenson screen (also known as an instrument shelter) is a meteorological screen to shield instruments against precipitation and direct heat radiation from outside sources, while still allowing air to circulate freely around them.
It forms part of a standard weather station.
Beaufort scale: The Beaufort Scale is an empirical measure that relates wind speed to observed conditions at sea or on land. Its full name is the Beaufort wind force scale.
Hygrometer: Hygrometer, instrument used in meteorological science to measure the humidity, or amount of water vapour in the air.
- Question 25 of 25
25. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following city in the world spread across two continents?
Correct
Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey and the fifth-largest city in the world by population, is considered European, yet it occupies two different continents.
One part of Istanbul lies in Europe and the other part lies in Asia.
Istanbul’s European part is separated from its Asian part by the Bosphorus strait, a 31-km-long waterway that connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara, and forms a natural boundary between the two continents.
Two suspension bridges across the Bosphorus—the Bosphorus Bridge and the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge, also called Bosphorus Bridge II—connect the two sides, yet many tourists prefer to visit the European side of Istanbul because of its historical significance.
- The European side is also the city’s commercial center with banks, stores and corporations and two-third of its population.
The Asian side feels more relaxed, with wide boulevards, residential neighbourhoods and fewer hotels and tourist attractions.
Incorrect
Istanbul, the largest city in Turkey and the fifth-largest city in the world by population, is considered European, yet it occupies two different continents.
One part of Istanbul lies in Europe and the other part lies in Asia.
Istanbul’s European part is separated from its Asian part by the Bosphorus strait, a 31-km-long waterway that connects the Black Sea with the Sea of Marmara, and forms a natural boundary between the two continents.
Two suspension bridges across the Bosphorus—the Bosphorus Bridge and the Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge, also called Bosphorus Bridge II—connect the two sides, yet many tourists prefer to visit the European side of Istanbul because of its historical significance.
- The European side is also the city’s commercial center with banks, stores and corporations and two-third of its population.
The Asian side feels more relaxed, with wide boulevards, residential neighbourhoods and fewer hotels and tourist attractions.
Natural Resources and Resource Distribution
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- Question 1 of 22
1. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe Methane Hydrates can be found in which of the following location(s)?
1. Beneath permafrost
2. Shallow sediments along continental margins
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Methane hydrates consist of molecules of natural gas (the chief constituent of natural gas; methane) enclosed within a solid lattice of water molecules. When brought to the earth’s surface, one cubic meter of gas hydrate releases 164 cubic meters of natural gas.
Gas hydrate deposits are found wherever methane occurs in the presence of water under elevated pressures and at relatively low temperatures, such as beneath permafrost or in shallow sediments along deepwater continental margins.
# In a recent study conducted by researchers at the Agharkar Research Institute (ARI), an autonomous institute of the Department of Science and Technology, have found that the methane hydrate deposits are located in the Krishna-Godavari (KG) basin are of biogenic origin.Incorrect
Methane hydrates consist of molecules of natural gas (the chief constituent of natural gas; methane) enclosed within a solid lattice of water molecules. When brought to the earth’s surface, one cubic meter of gas hydrate releases 164 cubic meters of natural gas.
Gas hydrate deposits are found wherever methane occurs in the presence of water under elevated pressures and at relatively low temperatures, such as beneath permafrost or in shallow sediments along deepwater continental margins.
# In a recent study conducted by researchers at the Agharkar Research Institute (ARI), an autonomous institute of the Department of Science and Technology, have found that the methane hydrate deposits are located in the Krishna-Godavari (KG) basin are of biogenic origin. - Question 2 of 22
2. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe words “Saranda and Chaibasa” often seen in news is related to which of the following?
Correct
Saranda and Chaibasa — in Jharkhand‘s West Singhbhum district had large iron ore reserves.
• The Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) will soon form a committee to explore the prospect of opening conservation or no-mining zone in Saranda and Chaibasa in West Singhbhum district of Jharkhand for iron ore mining.
• Management Plan for Sustainable Mining (MPSM), which regulates mining in Chaibasa and the Saranda Sal forest area.Incorrect
Saranda and Chaibasa — in Jharkhand‘s West Singhbhum district had large iron ore reserves.
• The Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) will soon form a committee to explore the prospect of opening conservation or no-mining zone in Saranda and Chaibasa in West Singhbhum district of Jharkhand for iron ore mining.
• Management Plan for Sustainable Mining (MPSM), which regulates mining in Chaibasa and the Saranda Sal forest area. - Question 3 of 22
3. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWith reference to the land use changes in India, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. The land under forests is increased from 1950 – 51 to 2014 – 15.
2. The barren and un-culturable waste land is increased form 1950 – 51 to 2014 – 15.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Correct
Source: NCERT – XII India People and Economy
Incorrect
Source: NCERT – XII India People and Economy
- Question 4 of 22
4. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe cropping intensity is a relationship between which of the following?
Correct
Source: NCERT – XII India People and Economy
Incorrect
Source: NCERT – XII India People and Economy
- Question 5 of 22
5. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe project Haryali is related to which of the following?
Correct
Haryali is a watershed development project sponsored by the Central Government which aims at enabling the rural population to conserve water for drinking, irrigation, fisheries and afforestation. The Project is being executed by Gram Panchayats with people’s participation.
Source: NCERT – XII India People and Economy
Incorrect
Haryali is a watershed development project sponsored by the Central Government which aims at enabling the rural population to conserve water for drinking, irrigation, fisheries and afforestation. The Project is being executed by Gram Panchayats with people’s participation.
Source: NCERT – XII India People and Economy
- Question 6 of 22
6. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe “Gurumahisani, Kiruburu and Bonai” are famous areas for which of the following?
Correct
About 95 per cent of total reserves of iron ore are located in the States of Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Goa, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
· In Odisha, iron ore occurs in a series of hill ranges in Sundergarh, Mayurbhanj and Jhar.
· The important mines are Gurumahisani, Sulaipet, Badampahar (Mayurbhaj), Kiruburu (Kendujhar) and Bonai (Sundergarh).
Source: NCERT – XII India People and Economy
Incorrect
About 95 per cent of total reserves of iron ore are located in the States of Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Goa, Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
· In Odisha, iron ore occurs in a series of hill ranges in Sundergarh, Mayurbhanj and Jhar.
· The important mines are Gurumahisani, Sulaipet, Badampahar (Mayurbhaj), Kiruburu (Kendujhar) and Bonai (Sundergarh).
Source: NCERT – XII India People and Economy
- Question 7 of 22
7. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWith reference to the bauxite ore, which of the following statements is/are correct?
1. It is used in manufacturing of aluminium.
2. It is found mainly in tertiary deposits and is associated with laterite rocks.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Correct
Bauxite is the ore, which is used in manufacturing of aluminium. Bauxite is found mainly in tertiary deposits and is associated with laterite rocks occurring extensively either on the plateau or hill ranges of peninsular India and also in the coastal tracts of the country.
Source: NCERT – XII India People and Economy
Incorrect
Bauxite is the ore, which is used in manufacturing of aluminium. Bauxite is found mainly in tertiary deposits and is associated with laterite rocks occurring extensively either on the plateau or hill ranges of peninsular India and also in the coastal tracts of the country.
Source: NCERT – XII India People and Economy
- Question 8 of 22
8. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following statements is/are correct about “coal reserves” in India?
1. Anthracite coal is found in abundance in India.
2. Lignite coal has high moisture content.
3. Odisha has the second largest coal reserves in the country and it carries more than 24 per cent of the total coal reserves.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
Anthracite is the best quality of coal which carries 80 to 95 per cent carbon content. It ignites slowly with a blue flame. It has the highest calorific value. It is found in small quantity in Jammu and Kashmir.
· Lignite is often brown in colour. It carries 40 to 55 per cent carbon content. It is an intermediate stage which happens during the alteration of woody matter into coal.
· It has high moisture content so it gives smoke when burnt. It is found in Rajasthan, Lakhimpur (Assam), and Tamil Nadu.
· Odisha has the second largest coal reserves in the country and it carries more than 24 per cent of the total coal reserves. It produces about 15 per cent of the total coal production of India.
· Most of the coal deposits of the state are found in Sambalpur, Dhenkanal, and Sundargarh districts.
· Talchar coalfield of Odisha stretch over Dhenkanal and Sambalpur districts covers an area of about 500 sq km.
Source: NCERT – XII India People and Economy and Indian Express
Incorrect
Anthracite is the best quality of coal which carries 80 to 95 per cent carbon content. It ignites slowly with a blue flame. It has the highest calorific value. It is found in small quantity in Jammu and Kashmir.
· Lignite is often brown in colour. It carries 40 to 55 per cent carbon content. It is an intermediate stage which happens during the alteration of woody matter into coal.
· It has high moisture content so it gives smoke when burnt. It is found in Rajasthan, Lakhimpur (Assam), and Tamil Nadu.
· Odisha has the second largest coal reserves in the country and it carries more than 24 per cent of the total coal reserves. It produces about 15 per cent of the total coal production of India.
· Most of the coal deposits of the state are found in Sambalpur, Dhenkanal, and Sundargarh districts.
· Talchar coalfield of Odisha stretch over Dhenkanal and Sambalpur districts covers an area of about 500 sq km.
Source: NCERT – XII India People and Economy and Indian Express
- Question 9 of 22
9. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentArrange the following reservoirs of water on earth’s surface in descending order of their percentage?
1. Oceans
2. Ice caps
3. Lakes
4. Streams and Rivers
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
About 71 per cent of the planetary water is found in the oceans. The remaining is held as freshwater in glaciers and icecaps, groundwater sources, lakes, soil moisture, atmosphere, streams and within life.
Source: NCERT – XI Fundamentals of Physical Geography
Incorrect
About 71 per cent of the planetary water is found in the oceans. The remaining is held as freshwater in glaciers and icecaps, groundwater sources, lakes, soil moisture, atmosphere, streams and within life.
Source: NCERT – XI Fundamentals of Physical Geography
- Question 10 of 22
10. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe Rakha mines, Chapri-Sidheswar mines and Malanjkhand mines are recently in news is related to which of the following?
Correct
Hindustan Copper is focusing on re-opening its closed mines and expand existing ones in its quest to increase ore production five times from the current level of 4.1 million tonne (MT) by 2025.
· The Miniratna Company will be reopening the Rakha mine in Jharkhand during this financial year which was closed in 2002 owing to operational reasons. It will also start operations at the Chapri-Sidheswar mines in the same state.
· For the Malanjkhand project in Madhya Pradesh, which holds proven reserves of 245.66 MT and estimated resources of 331.59 MT, the company is expanding the production capacity from the present 2 MT to 8 MT by developing an underground mine below the existing open cast mine at an investment of Rs 2,900crore. It is the copper producer’s largest project.
Source: NCERT – XII India People and Economy and The Hindu
Incorrect
Hindustan Copper is focusing on re-opening its closed mines and expand existing ones in its quest to increase ore production five times from the current level of 4.1 million tonne (MT) by 2025.
· The Miniratna Company will be reopening the Rakha mine in Jharkhand during this financial year which was closed in 2002 owing to operational reasons. It will also start operations at the Chapri-Sidheswar mines in the same state.
· For the Malanjkhand project in Madhya Pradesh, which holds proven reserves of 245.66 MT and estimated resources of 331.59 MT, the company is expanding the production capacity from the present 2 MT to 8 MT by developing an underground mine below the existing open cast mine at an investment of Rs 2,900crore. It is the copper producer’s largest project.
Source: NCERT – XII India People and Economy and The Hindu
- Question 11 of 22
11. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the sugarcane:
1. About 80% of sugar is obtained from sugarcane.
2. Sugarcane productivity of the subtropical states of India is higher than tropical states.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Sugarcane is a tropical plant and grown as cash crop in the world. Sugarcane is the main source of sugar (80%) globally and holds a prominent position as a cash crop.
· It is one of the main crops of earning foreign exchange. The sugar juice is used for making white sugar, brown sugar (khandsari) and jaggery (gur).
· There are two distinct agro-climatic regions of sugarcane cultivation in India, viz., tropical and subtropical.
· Tropical region has about 45% area and contributes 55% of the total sugarcane production in the country.
· Thus, sub-tropical region accounts for 55% area and shares 45% of total production of sugarcane. The average sugarcane yield in the country is about 69.4 t/ha.
· In world, sugarcane is grown, between the latitude 36.7° N and 31.0° S of the equator extending from tropical to subtropical zones.
· There is no country where sugar is not being used and produced by sugarcane or sugar beet crops only.
· About 80% of sugar is obtained from sugarcane and the remaining 20% is produced through sugar beet. An average person consumes about 24 kg of sugar every year.
Source: NCERT – XII India People and Economy
Incorrect
Sugarcane is a tropical plant and grown as cash crop in the world. Sugarcane is the main source of sugar (80%) globally and holds a prominent position as a cash crop.
· It is one of the main crops of earning foreign exchange. The sugar juice is used for making white sugar, brown sugar (khandsari) and jaggery (gur).
· There are two distinct agro-climatic regions of sugarcane cultivation in India, viz., tropical and subtropical.
· Tropical region has about 45% area and contributes 55% of the total sugarcane production in the country.
· Thus, sub-tropical region accounts for 55% area and shares 45% of total production of sugarcane. The average sugarcane yield in the country is about 69.4 t/ha.
· In world, sugarcane is grown, between the latitude 36.7° N and 31.0° S of the equator extending from tropical to subtropical zones.
· There is no country where sugar is not being used and produced by sugarcane or sugar beet crops only.
· About 80% of sugar is obtained from sugarcane and the remaining 20% is produced through sugar beet. An average person consumes about 24 kg of sugar every year.
Source: NCERT – XII India People and Economy
- Question 12 of 22
12. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the Lead mineral resources in India:
1. The main ore of lead is galena and it is found in the igneous rocks of limestone and sandstone.
2. Zawar area of Rajasthan is famous for the production of Lead.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
The main ore of lead is galena. It is found in the sedimentary rocks of limestone and sandstone.
· Rajasthan is the richest state in terms of availability and variety of minerals in the country and produces about 57 different minerals.
· Rajasthan is the sole producer of lead & zinc ores, selenite and wollastonite.
· The Zawar area (Udaipur) of Rajasthan is famous for the production of Lead.
Source: NCERT – XII India People and Economy
Incorrect
The main ore of lead is galena. It is found in the sedimentary rocks of limestone and sandstone.
· Rajasthan is the richest state in terms of availability and variety of minerals in the country and produces about 57 different minerals.
· Rajasthan is the sole producer of lead & zinc ores, selenite and wollastonite.
· The Zawar area (Udaipur) of Rajasthan is famous for the production of Lead.
Source: NCERT – XII India People and Economy
- Question 13 of 22
13. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentArrange the following coal basins of India from east to west direction:
1. Koel Valley basin
2. Rajmahal basin
3. Deogarh – Hazaribagh basin
4. Sone Valley basin
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Incorrect
- Question 14 of 22
14. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following statements is/are correct about “coal reserves” in India?
1. Anthracite coal is found in Jammu and Kashmir only.
2. Lignite coal has low moisture content.
3. Odisha has the second largest coal reserves in the country and it carries more than 24
per cent of the total coal reserves.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
coal reserves in India.
Statement 1 is correct: Anthracite is the best quality of coal which carries 80 to 95 per
cent carbon content. It ignites slowly with a blue flame. It has the highest calorific value.
It is found in small quantity in Jammu and Kashmir.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Lignite is often brown in colour. It carries 40 to 55 per cent
carbon content. It is an intermediate stage which happens during the alteration of woody
matter into coal. It has high moisture content so it gives smoke when burnt. It is found
in Rajasthan, Lakhimpur (Assam), and Tamil Nadu.
Statement 3 is correct: Odisha has the second largest coal reserves in the country
and it carries more than 24 per cent of the total coal reserves. It produces about 15
per cent of the total coal production of India. Most of the coal deposits of the state are
found in Sambalpur, Dhenkanal, and Sundargarh districts. Talchar coalfield of Odisha
stretch over Dhenkanal and Sambalpur districts covers an area of about 500 sq km.Incorrect
coal reserves in India.
Statement 1 is correct: Anthracite is the best quality of coal which carries 80 to 95 per
cent carbon content. It ignites slowly with a blue flame. It has the highest calorific value.
It is found in small quantity in Jammu and Kashmir.
Statement 2 is incorrect: Lignite is often brown in colour. It carries 40 to 55 per cent
carbon content. It is an intermediate stage which happens during the alteration of woody
matter into coal. It has high moisture content so it gives smoke when burnt. It is found
in Rajasthan, Lakhimpur (Assam), and Tamil Nadu.
Statement 3 is correct: Odisha has the second largest coal reserves in the country
and it carries more than 24 per cent of the total coal reserves. It produces about 15
per cent of the total coal production of India. Most of the coal deposits of the state are
found in Sambalpur, Dhenkanal, and Sundargarh districts. Talchar coalfield of Odisha
stretch over Dhenkanal and Sambalpur districts covers an area of about 500 sq km. - Question 15 of 22
15. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe Rakha mines, Chapri-Sidheswar mines and Malanjkhand mines are recently
in news is related to which of the following?Correct
Hindustan Copper is focusing on re-opening its closed mines and expand
existing ones in its quest to increase ore production five times from the current level of 4.1
million tonne (MT) by 2025.
•The Miniratna Company will be reopening the Rakha mine in Jharkhand during
this financial year which was closed in 2002 owing to operational reasons. It will
also start operations at the Chapri-Sidheswar mines in the same state.
•For the Malanjkhand project in Madhya Pradesh, which holds proven reserves of
245.66 MT and estimated resources of 331.59 MT, the company is expanding the
production capacity from the present 2 MT to 8 MT by developing an underground
mine below the existing open cast mine at an investment of Rs 2,900crore. It is the
copper producer’s largest project.Incorrect
Hindustan Copper is focusing on re-opening its closed mines and expand
existing ones in its quest to increase ore production five times from the current level of 4.1
million tonne (MT) by 2025.
•The Miniratna Company will be reopening the Rakha mine in Jharkhand during
this financial year which was closed in 2002 owing to operational reasons. It will
also start operations at the Chapri-Sidheswar mines in the same state.
•For the Malanjkhand project in Madhya Pradesh, which holds proven reserves of
245.66 MT and estimated resources of 331.59 MT, the company is expanding the
production capacity from the present 2 MT to 8 MT by developing an underground
mine below the existing open cast mine at an investment of Rs 2,900crore. It is the
copper producer’s largest project. - Question 16 of 22
16. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the Lead mineral resources in India:
1. The main ore of lead is galena and it is found in the sedimentary rocks of limestone and sandstone.
2. Rajasthan is the sole producer of lead ore in India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
The main ore of lead is galena. It is found in the sedimentary rocks of limestone and sandstone.
• Rajasthan is the richest state in terms of availability and variety of minerals in the country and produces about 57 different minerals.
• Rajasthan is the sole producer of lead & zinc ores, selenite and wollastonite.
• The Zawar area (Udaipur) of Rajasthan is famous for the production of Lead.Incorrect
The main ore of lead is galena. It is found in the sedimentary rocks of limestone and sandstone.
• Rajasthan is the richest state in terms of availability and variety of minerals in the country and produces about 57 different minerals.
• Rajasthan is the sole producer of lead & zinc ores, selenite and wollastonite.
• The Zawar area (Udaipur) of Rajasthan is famous for the production of Lead. - Question 17 of 22
17. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe “Sonbhadra gold mines” is recently in news is located in which of the following state?
Correct
Geographical Survey of India (GSI) provided estimates for the amount of gold that can be extracted from a site in Sonbhadra district of Uttar Pradesh.
The gold resource is located near a village called Mahuli, around 70 km from Sonbhadra district, the land is mainly forest area and inhabited mostly by tribal and members of backward classes.Incorrect
Geographical Survey of India (GSI) provided estimates for the amount of gold that can be extracted from a site in Sonbhadra district of Uttar Pradesh.
The gold resource is located near a village called Mahuli, around 70 km from Sonbhadra district, the land is mainly forest area and inhabited mostly by tribal and members of backward classes. - Question 18 of 22
18. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the Rare Earth Elements (REE):
1. The rare earth elements are all metals.
2. Rare earth element Cerium Oxide is used for polishing Granite and Marble stones.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Rare earth elements are a group of seventeen chemical elements that occur together in the periodic table.
• The group consists of yttrium and the 15 lanthanide elements (lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium).
• Scandium is found in most rare earth element deposits and is sometimes classified as a rare earth element.
• The rare earth elements are all metals and the group is often referred to as the “rare earth metals.”
• These metals have many similar properties, and that often causes them to be found together in geologic deposits.
• They are also referred to as “rare earth oxides” because many of them are typically sold as oxide compounds.
• A large number of alloys are made more durable by the addition of rare earth metals.
• Glass, granite, marble, and gemstones are often polished with cerium oxide powder. Many motors and generators contain magnets made with rare earth elements.
• Phosphors used in digital displays, monitors, and televisions are created with rare earth oxides. Most computer, cell phone, and electric vehicle batteries are made with rare earth metals.Incorrect
Rare earth elements are a group of seventeen chemical elements that occur together in the periodic table.
• The group consists of yttrium and the 15 lanthanide elements (lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium, and lutetium).
• Scandium is found in most rare earth element deposits and is sometimes classified as a rare earth element.
• The rare earth elements are all metals and the group is often referred to as the “rare earth metals.”
• These metals have many similar properties, and that often causes them to be found together in geologic deposits.
• They are also referred to as “rare earth oxides” because many of them are typically sold as oxide compounds.
• A large number of alloys are made more durable by the addition of rare earth metals.
• Glass, granite, marble, and gemstones are often polished with cerium oxide powder. Many motors and generators contain magnets made with rare earth elements.
• Phosphors used in digital displays, monitors, and televisions are created with rare earth oxides. Most computer, cell phone, and electric vehicle batteries are made with rare earth metals. - Question 19 of 22
19. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following place (s) is/are manganese production centre (s) in India?
1. Tumkur
2. Cuddapah
3. Balaghat
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Manganese is not found as a free element in nature. It is often found in combination with iron. The most important manganese ore is pyrolusite. Manganese is primarily used in iron and steel industry.
Andhra Pradesh: 13% of India’s manganese production comes from this state. Cuddapah, Vijayanagaram and Guntur are other manganese producing districts.
Karnataka: 6 per cent of India’s manganese comes from this state. Uttara Kannada, Shimoga, Bellary, Chitradurg and Tumkur districts are manganese producing districts.
Madhya Pradesh: It produces about 27.59 per cent of India’s manganese ore. The main belt extends in Balaghat and Chhindwara districts. It is just an extension of the Nagpur Bhandara belt of Maharashtra.Incorrect
Manganese is not found as a free element in nature. It is often found in combination with iron. The most important manganese ore is pyrolusite. Manganese is primarily used in iron and steel industry.
Andhra Pradesh: 13% of India’s manganese production comes from this state. Cuddapah, Vijayanagaram and Guntur are other manganese producing districts.
Karnataka: 6 per cent of India’s manganese comes from this state. Uttara Kannada, Shimoga, Bellary, Chitradurg and Tumkur districts are manganese producing districts.
Madhya Pradesh: It produces about 27.59 per cent of India’s manganese ore. The main belt extends in Balaghat and Chhindwara districts. It is just an extension of the Nagpur Bhandara belt of Maharashtra. - Question 20 of 22
20. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding “Copper mineral” in India:
1. India is critically deficient in the reserve and production of copper.
2. Balaghat mines in Maharashtra produce more than 50% per cent of India’s copper.
3. Khetri mines in Rajasthan are famous for copper ores.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
India is critically deficient in the reserve and production of copper.
• Being malleable, ductile and a good conductor, copper is mainly used in electrical cables, electronics and chemical industries.
• The Balaghat mines in Madhya Pradesh produce 52 per cent of India’s copper.
• The Singbhum district of Jharkhand is also a leading producer of copper.
• The Khetri mines in Rajasthan are also famous.Incorrect
India is critically deficient in the reserve and production of copper.
• Being malleable, ductile and a good conductor, copper is mainly used in electrical cables, electronics and chemical industries.
• The Balaghat mines in Madhya Pradesh produce 52 per cent of India’s copper.
• The Singbhum district of Jharkhand is also a leading producer of copper.
• The Khetri mines in Rajasthan are also famous. - Question 21 of 22
21. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding mica:
1. Properties of mica is excellent di-electric strength and low power loss factor
2. Koderma Gaya-Hazaribagh belt of Jharkhand is one of the leading producer of mica.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Mica is a mineral made up of a series of plates or leaves. It splits easily into thin sheets.
• These sheets can be so thin that a thousand can be layered into a mica sheet of a few centimeters high.
• Mica can be clear, black, green, red yellow or brown. Due to its excellent di-electric strength, low power loss factor, insulating properties and resistance to high voltage, mica is one of the most indispensable minerals used in electric and electronic industries.
• Mica deposits are found in the northern edge of the Chota Nagpur plateau. Koderma Gaya – Hazaribagh belt of Jharkhand is the leading producer.
• In Rajasthan, the major mica producing area is around Ajmer. Nellore mica belt of Andhra Pradesh is also an important producer in the country.Incorrect
Mica is a mineral made up of a series of plates or leaves. It splits easily into thin sheets.
• These sheets can be so thin that a thousand can be layered into a mica sheet of a few centimeters high.
• Mica can be clear, black, green, red yellow or brown. Due to its excellent di-electric strength, low power loss factor, insulating properties and resistance to high voltage, mica is one of the most indispensable minerals used in electric and electronic industries.
• Mica deposits are found in the northern edge of the Chota Nagpur plateau. Koderma Gaya – Hazaribagh belt of Jharkhand is the leading producer.
• In Rajasthan, the major mica producing area is around Ajmer. Nellore mica belt of Andhra Pradesh is also an important producer in the country. - Question 22 of 22
22. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & Environment“Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie” areas are famous for which of the following?
Correct
Australia is the largest producer of bauxite in the world.
• It is a leading producer of gold, diamond, iron ore, tin and nickel. It is also rich in copper, lead, zinc and manganese.•Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie areas of Western Australia have the largest deposits of gold.
Incorrect
Australia is the largest producer of bauxite in the world.
• It is a leading producer of gold, diamond, iron ore, tin and nickel. It is also rich in copper, lead, zinc and manganese.•Kalgoorlie and Coolgardie areas of Western Australia have the largest deposits of gold.
Economic Geography of the world and Industrial Location Factor
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1. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following is/are minor industrial regions of India?
1. Kanpur-Lucknow Industrial Region.
2. North Bihar and Eastern Uttar Pradesh Industrial Region.
3. Amritsar-Jalandhar-Ludhiana Industrial Region.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Some of the Minor Industrial regions of India are:
•Kanpur-Lucknow Industrial Region: Cotton, woollen and jute textiles, leather
goods, fertilisers, chemical, drugs, pharmaceuticals, electric goods, and light
machinery.
•Assam Valley Industrial Region: This region has the industries of petro-chemical,
jute and silk textiles, tea-processing industry, paper, plywood, match, and food
processing industries. Important industrial centres are: Bongaigaon, Dibrugarh,
Digboi, Guwahati, Noonmati, and Tinsukia
•Darjeeling-Siliguri Industrial Region: Tea-processing industry and tourism.
•North Bihar and Eastern Uttar Pradesh Industrial Region: Sugar, cement, glass,
jute, fertilisers, locomotive, paper, and food processing are the main industries of this region. The main industrial centres are Allahabad, Dalmianagar (Bihar),
Gorakhpur, Patna, Sultanpur, and Varanasi.
•Indore-Ujjain Industrial Region: Main industries are cotton textile, chemicals,
drugs, electronic and engineering goods, and food processing.
•Amritsar-Jalandhar-Ludhiana Industrial Region: Sports goods, cotton and
woollen, textiles, hosiery, food-processing, and tourism are the main industries of
this region.
•Nagpur-Wardha Industrial Region: Textiles, engineering, chemicals, and food
processing are the main industries of this region.Incorrect
Some of the Minor Industrial regions of India are:
•Kanpur-Lucknow Industrial Region: Cotton, woollen and jute textiles, leather
goods, fertilisers, chemical, drugs, pharmaceuticals, electric goods, and light
machinery.
•Assam Valley Industrial Region: This region has the industries of petro-chemical,
jute and silk textiles, tea-processing industry, paper, plywood, match, and food
processing industries. Important industrial centres are: Bongaigaon, Dibrugarh,
Digboi, Guwahati, Noonmati, and Tinsukia
•Darjeeling-Siliguri Industrial Region: Tea-processing industry and tourism.
•North Bihar and Eastern Uttar Pradesh Industrial Region: Sugar, cement, glass,
jute, fertilisers, locomotive, paper, and food processing are the main industries of this region. The main industrial centres are Allahabad, Dalmianagar (Bihar),
Gorakhpur, Patna, Sultanpur, and Varanasi.
•Indore-Ujjain Industrial Region: Main industries are cotton textile, chemicals,
drugs, electronic and engineering goods, and food processing.
•Amritsar-Jalandhar-Ludhiana Industrial Region: Sports goods, cotton and
woollen, textiles, hosiery, food-processing, and tourism are the main industries of
this region.
•Nagpur-Wardha Industrial Region: Textiles, engineering, chemicals, and food
processing are the main industries of this region. - Question 2 of 12
2. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the agro-based industries in India:
1. The first successful textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854.
2. The first jute mill was set up near Kolkata in 1859.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
In ancient India, cotton textiles were produced with hand spinning and handloom weaving techniques.
• After the 18th century, power-looms came into use. Our traditional industries suffered a setback during the colonial period because they could not compete with the mill-made cloth from England.
• The first successful textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854. The two world wars were fought in Europe, India was a British colony.
• There was a demand for cloth in U.K. hence; they gave a boost to the development of the cotton textile industry.
• The first jute mill was set up near Kolkata in 1859 at Rishra.
• After Partition in 1947, the jute mills remained in India but three-fourth of the jute producing area went to Bangladesh (erstwhile East PakistanIncorrect
In ancient India, cotton textiles were produced with hand spinning and handloom weaving techniques.
• After the 18th century, power-looms came into use. Our traditional industries suffered a setback during the colonial period because they could not compete with the mill-made cloth from England.
• The first successful textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854. The two world wars were fought in Europe, India was a British colony.
• There was a demand for cloth in U.K. hence; they gave a boost to the development of the cotton textile industry.
• The first jute mill was set up near Kolkata in 1859 at Rishra.
• After Partition in 1947, the jute mills remained in India but three-fourth of the jute producing area went to Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan - Question 3 of 12
3. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following farming is associated with Vegetable cultivation?
Correct
The regions where farmers specialize in vegetables only, the farming is known as truck farming. The distance of truck farms from the market is governed by the distance that a truck can cover overnight, hence the name truck farming.
Source: NCERT – XII Fundamental of Human Geography
Incorrect
The regions where farmers specialize in vegetables only, the farming is known as truck farming. The distance of truck farms from the market is governed by the distance that a truck can cover overnight, hence the name truck farming.
Source: NCERT – XII Fundamental of Human Geography
- Question 4 of 12
4. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following animal (s) is/are examples of pack animal (s)?
1. Yaks
2. Water buffaloes
3. Mules
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Correct
A pack animal is a type of animal used by humans to carry heavy loads. These animals carry goods and supplies upon their backs across long distances or difficult terrain.
They are not to be confused with draft animals, which pull weight on a cart or sled. The use of animals to carry cargo dates as far back as 3500 BC.
Historical evidence suggests that donkeys have served as pack animals for longer than any other species. Other types of common pack animals include camels, yaks, horses, llamas, oxen, and water buffalos.
Mules are preferred in the mountainous regions; while camels are used for caravan movement in deserts. In India, bullocks are used for pulling carts.
Source: NCERT – XII Fundamental of Human Geography
Incorrect
A pack animal is a type of animal used by humans to carry heavy loads. These animals carry goods and supplies upon their backs across long distances or difficult terrain.
They are not to be confused with draft animals, which pull weight on a cart or sled. The use of animals to carry cargo dates as far back as 3500 BC.
Historical evidence suggests that donkeys have served as pack animals for longer than any other species. Other types of common pack animals include camels, yaks, horses, llamas, oxen, and water buffalos.
Mules are preferred in the mountainous regions; while camels are used for caravan movement in deserts. In India, bullocks are used for pulling carts.
Source: NCERT – XII Fundamental of Human Geography
- Question 5 of 12
5. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the agro-based industries in India:
1. The first successful textile mill was established in Mumbai.
2. The first jute mill was set up in Dhaka.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
In ancient India, cotton textiles were produced with hand spinning and handloom weaving techniques.
After the 18th century, power-looms came into use. Our traditional industries suffered a setback during the colonial period because they could not compete with the mill-made cloth from England.
The first successful textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854. The two world wars were fought in Europe, India was a British colony.
There was a demand for cloth in U.K. hence; they gave a boost to the development of the cotton textile industry.
The first jute mill was set up near Kolkata in 1859 at Rishra.
After Partition in 1947, the jute mills remained in India but three-fourth of the jute producing area went to Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan).
Source: NCERT – XII Fundamental of Human Geography
Incorrect
In ancient India, cotton textiles were produced with hand spinning and handloom weaving techniques.
After the 18th century, power-looms came into use. Our traditional industries suffered a setback during the colonial period because they could not compete with the mill-made cloth from England.
The first successful textile mill was established in Mumbai in 1854. The two world wars were fought in Europe, India was a British colony.
There was a demand for cloth in U.K. hence; they gave a boost to the development of the cotton textile industry.
The first jute mill was set up near Kolkata in 1859 at Rishra.
After Partition in 1947, the jute mills remained in India but three-fourth of the jute producing area went to Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan).
Source: NCERT – XII Fundamental of Human Geography
- Question 6 of 12
6. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & Environment“Stop and go determinism” theory was proposed by which of the following?
Correct
A geographer, Griffith Taylor introduced another concept which reflects a middle path (Madhyam Marg) between the two ideas of environmental determinism and possibilism. He termed it as Neo-determinism or stop and go determinism.
Source: NCERT – XII Fundamental of Human Geography
Incorrect
A geographer, Griffith Taylor introduced another concept which reflects a middle path (Madhyam Marg) between the two ideas of environmental determinism and possibilism. He termed it as Neo-determinism or stop and go determinism.
Source: NCERT – XII Fundamental of Human Geography
- Question 7 of 12
7. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following regions is/are associated with Pastoral nomadism?
1. Island of Madagascar
2. North Africa
3. Tundra region of Eurasia
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Correct
Pastoral nomadism is associated with three important regions.
The core region extends from the Atlantic shores of North Africa eastwards across the Arabian Peninsula into Mongolia and Central China.
The second region extends over the tundra region of Eurasia.
In the southern hemisphere there are small areas in South-West Africa and on the island of Madagascar.
Source: NCERT – XII Fundamental of Human Geography
Incorrect
Pastoral nomadism is associated with three important regions.
The core region extends from the Atlantic shores of North Africa eastwards across the Arabian Peninsula into Mongolia and Central China.
The second region extends over the tundra region of Eurasia.
In the southern hemisphere there are small areas in South-West Africa and on the island of Madagascar.
Source: NCERT – XII Fundamental of Human Geography
- Question 8 of 12
8. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe term “ranching” is associated with which of the following?
Correct
Rearing of animals in ranching is organized on a scientific basis. The main emphasis is on breeding, genetic improvement, disease control and health care of the animals.
New Zealand, Australia, Argentina, Uruguay and United States of America are important countries where commercial livestock rearing is practiced.
Source: NCERT – XII Fundamental of Human Geography
Incorrect
Rearing of animals in ranching is organized on a scientific basis. The main emphasis is on breeding, genetic improvement, disease control and health care of the animals.
New Zealand, Australia, Argentina, Uruguay and United States of America are important countries where commercial livestock rearing is practiced.
Source: NCERT – XII Fundamental of Human Geography
- Question 9 of 12
9. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe terms “Milpa and Ladang” is related to which of the following?
Correct
The vegetation is usually cleared by fire, and the ashes add to the fertility of the soil.
Shifting cultivation is thus, also called slash and burn agriculture. It is prevalent in tropical region in different names, e.g., Jhuming in North eastern states of India, Milpa in Central America and Mexico and Ladang in Indonesia and Malaysia.
Source: NCERT – XII Fundamental of Human Geography
Incorrect
The vegetation is usually cleared by fire, and the ashes add to the fertility of the soil.
Shifting cultivation is thus, also called slash and burn agriculture. It is prevalent in tropical region in different names, e.g., Jhuming in North eastern states of India, Milpa in Central America and Mexico and Ladang in Indonesia and Malaysia.
Source: NCERT – XII Fundamental of Human Geography
- Question 10 of 12
10. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentViticulture is a specialty of which of the following region?
Correct
Viticulture or grape cultivation is a specialty of the Mediterranean region.
Best quality wines in the world with distinctive flavors are produced from high quality grapes in various countries of this region.
The inferior grapes are dried into raisins and currants. This region also produces olives and figs.
The advantage of Mediterranean agriculture is that more valuable crops such as fruits and vegetables are grown in winters when there is great demand in European and North American markets.
Source: NCERT – XII Fundamental of Human Geography
Incorrect
Viticulture or grape cultivation is a specialty of the Mediterranean region.
Best quality wines in the world with distinctive flavors are produced from high quality grapes in various countries of this region.
The inferior grapes are dried into raisins and currants. This region also produces olives and figs.
The advantage of Mediterranean agriculture is that more valuable crops such as fruits and vegetables are grown in winters when there is great demand in European and North American markets.
Source: NCERT – XII Fundamental of Human Geography
- Question 11 of 12
11. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe Ruhr field is associated with which of the following?
Correct
The Ruhr Coal-field, Germany has been one of the major industrial regions of Europe for a long time.
Coal and iron and steel formed the basis of the economy, but as the demand for coal declined, the industry started shrinking.
Even after the iron ore was exhausted, the industry remained, using imported ore brought by waterways to the Ruhr.
The Ruhr region is responsible for 80 per cent of Germany’s total steel production.
Source: NCERT – XII Fundamental of Human Geography
Incorrect
The Ruhr Coal-field, Germany has been one of the major industrial regions of Europe for a long time.
Coal and iron and steel formed the basis of the economy, but as the demand for coal declined, the industry started shrinking.
Even after the iron ore was exhausted, the industry remained, using imported ore brought by waterways to the Ruhr.
The Ruhr region is responsible for 80 per cent of Germany’s total steel production.
Source: NCERT – XII Fundamental of Human Geography
- Question 12 of 12
12. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following sector is an example of tertiary sector?
Correct
Tourism is travel undertaken for purposes of recreation rather than business.
It has become the world’s single largest tertiary activity in total registered jobs (250 million) and total revenue (40 per cent of the total GDP).
Besides, many local persons are employed to provide services like accommodation, meals, transport, entertainment and special shops serving the tourists.
Source: NCERT – XII Fundamental of Human Geography
Incorrect
Tourism is travel undertaken for purposes of recreation rather than business.
It has become the world’s single largest tertiary activity in total registered jobs (250 million) and total revenue (40 per cent of the total GDP).
Besides, many local persons are employed to provide services like accommodation, meals, transport, entertainment and special shops serving the tourists.
Source: NCERT – XII Fundamental of Human Geography
Climatology
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1. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyConsider the following statements regarding the Ensemble forecasting:
1. It is a forecasting methodology using a single set of conditions.
2. It can be used for optimization of weather forecasting.
Which of the statements give above is/are correct?Correct
Statement 1 is incorrect. In Ensemble Forecasting, instead of running just a single forecast, the computer model is run a number of times from slightly different starting conditions. The complete set of forecasts is referred to as the ensemble, and individual forecasts within it as ensemble members.
Statement 2 is correct. Various countries have migrated to ensemble weather forecasting for optimal results. A forecast is an estimate of the future state of the atmosphere. It is created by estimating the current state of the atmosphere using observations, and then calculating how this state will evolve in time using a numerical weather prediction computer model.
The ensemble forecasts give the forecaster a much better idea of what weather events may occur at a particular time. By comparing these different forecasts, the forecaster can decide how likely a particular weather event will be.Incorrect
Statement 1 is incorrect. In Ensemble Forecasting, instead of running just a single forecast, the computer model is run a number of times from slightly different starting conditions. The complete set of forecasts is referred to as the ensemble, and individual forecasts within it as ensemble members.
Statement 2 is correct. Various countries have migrated to ensemble weather forecasting for optimal results. A forecast is an estimate of the future state of the atmosphere. It is created by estimating the current state of the atmosphere using observations, and then calculating how this state will evolve in time using a numerical weather prediction computer model.
The ensemble forecasts give the forecaster a much better idea of what weather events may occur at a particular time. By comparing these different forecasts, the forecaster can decide how likely a particular weather event will be. - Question 2 of 20
2. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyConsider the following statements regarding the Tropical cyclones:
1. An eye forms in the center of the cyclone having very high air pressure.
2. Their intensity usually weakens when they make landfall.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Statement 1 is incorrect. Cyclones are characterized by inward spiraling winds that rotate about a zone of low pressure. As the storm system rotates faster and faster, an eye forms in the center. It is very calm and clear in the eye, with very low air pressure. Higher pressure air from above flows down into the eye.
Statement 2 is correct. The warm, moist air over the ocean rises upward from near the surface. Tropical cyclones usually weaken when they hit land, because they are no longer being “fed” by the energy from the warm ocean waters. However, they often move far inland, dumping many inches of rain and causing lots of wind damage before they die out completely.Incorrect
Statement 1 is incorrect. Cyclones are characterized by inward spiraling winds that rotate about a zone of low pressure. As the storm system rotates faster and faster, an eye forms in the center. It is very calm and clear in the eye, with very low air pressure. Higher pressure air from above flows down into the eye.
Statement 2 is correct. The warm, moist air over the ocean rises upward from near the surface. Tropical cyclones usually weaken when they hit land, because they are no longer being “fed” by the energy from the warm ocean waters. However, they often move far inland, dumping many inches of rain and causing lots of wind damage before they die out completely. - Question 3 of 20
3. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyConsider the following statements regarding Indian Monsoon:
1.The long period average (LPA) of monsoon rainfall over India between 1961-2010 is about 88cm.
2.India Meteorological Department (IMD) has revised the monsoon arrival date in Kerala from June 1 to June 5 from this year onwards.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Statement 1 is correct. LPA of rainfall is the rainfall recorded over a particular region for a given interval (like month or season) average over a long period like 30years, 50-years etc.
Current LPA of all India south west monsoon rainfall based on the average rainfall over the period 1961 -2010 is 880.6mm.
Statement 2 is incorrect. India Meteorological Department (IMD) has revised the normal onset and withdrawal dates based on recent data. The normal dates of onset are revised based on data during 1961-2019 and normal dates of withdrawal are revised based on data during 1971-2019.
Monsoon onset over Kerala remains the same, i.e., 1 June. However, new monsoon advance dates over the states like Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Telegana, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar and parts of Uttar Pradesh are delayed by 3-7 days compared to existing normal dates. However, over extreme northwest India, the monsoon arrives now little earlier, on 8th July compared to the existing date of 15th July. There are however appreciable changes in the monsoon withdrawal dates, especially over Northwest and Central India. Monsoon withdraws from NW India almost 7-14 days later from the existing dates. There is no change in the final withdrawal date over south India, i.e., 15th October.Incorrect
Statement 1 is correct. LPA of rainfall is the rainfall recorded over a particular region for a given interval (like month or season) average over a long period like 30years, 50-years etc.
Current LPA of all India south west monsoon rainfall based on the average rainfall over the period 1961 -2010 is 880.6mm.
Statement 2 is incorrect. India Meteorological Department (IMD) has revised the normal onset and withdrawal dates based on recent data. The normal dates of onset are revised based on data during 1961-2019 and normal dates of withdrawal are revised based on data during 1971-2019.
Monsoon onset over Kerala remains the same, i.e., 1 June. However, new monsoon advance dates over the states like Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh, Telegana, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar and parts of Uttar Pradesh are delayed by 3-7 days compared to existing normal dates. However, over extreme northwest India, the monsoon arrives now little earlier, on 8th July compared to the existing date of 15th July. There are however appreciable changes in the monsoon withdrawal dates, especially over Northwest and Central India. Monsoon withdraws from NW India almost 7-14 days later from the existing dates. There is no change in the final withdrawal date over south India, i.e., 15th October. - Question 4 of 20
4. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyConsider the following statements regarding La-Nina:
1.It refers to the periodic warming in sea surface temperatures across the central and east-central Equatorial Pacific.
2.La Nina correlates with heavy monsoon rains in India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Statement 1 is incorrect. The term El Niño refers to the large-scale ocean-atmosphere climate interaction linked to a periodic warming in sea surface temperatures across the central and east-central Equatorial Pacific.
La Nina episodes represent periods of below-average sea surface temperatures across the east-central Equatorial Pacific. Global climate La Niña impacts tend to be opposite those of El Niño impacts. In the tropics, ocean temperature variations in La Niña also tend to be opposite those of El Niño.
Statement 2 is correct. La Nina results in heavy or better monsoon rains in India, droughts in Peru and Ecuador, heavy floods in Australia, and high temperatures in the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific.
# According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the La Nina weather phenomenon is back in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean after nearly a decade’s absence.Incorrect
Statement 1 is incorrect. The term El Niño refers to the large-scale ocean-atmosphere climate interaction linked to a periodic warming in sea surface temperatures across the central and east-central Equatorial Pacific.
La Nina episodes represent periods of below-average sea surface temperatures across the east-central Equatorial Pacific. Global climate La Niña impacts tend to be opposite those of El Niño impacts. In the tropics, ocean temperature variations in La Niña also tend to be opposite those of El Niño.
Statement 2 is correct. La Nina results in heavy or better monsoon rains in India, droughts in Peru and Ecuador, heavy floods in Australia, and high temperatures in the Indian Ocean and Western Pacific.
# According to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), the La Nina weather phenomenon is back in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean after nearly a decade’s absence. - Question 5 of 20
5. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyTyphoon Vamco has developed in which of the following region?
Correct
Typhoon Vamco is currently an active Category 1-equivalent typhoon in northwest Pacific region around Philippines. Vamco originated as a tropical depression northwest of Palau, where it slowly continued its northwest track.
The storm was given the name Vamco by the Japanese Meteorological Agency, but is referred to as Ulysses in the Philippines.Incorrect
Typhoon Vamco is currently an active Category 1-equivalent typhoon in northwest Pacific region around Philippines. Vamco originated as a tropical depression northwest of Palau, where it slowly continued its northwest track.
The storm was given the name Vamco by the Japanese Meteorological Agency, but is referred to as Ulysses in the Philippines. - Question 6 of 20
6. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyConsider the following statements regarding the north-east monsoon (NEM):
1. Its onset occurs subsequent to the withdrawal of the South-west monsoon.
2. It is primary source of annual rainfall for the north-east region of India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Statement 1 is correct. The Indian southwest monsoon (SWM) season of June to September is the chief rainy season for India and about 75% of the country’s annual rainfall is realized during this season.
Subsequent to the withdrawal of SWM, the northeast monsoon (NEM), a small-scale monsoon confined to parts of southern peninsular India occurs.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The rainfall from the NEM is mostly confines to Tamil Nadu, Puducherry & Karaikal, Kerala & Mahe, Coastal Andhra Pradesh, Rayalaseema and South Interior Karnataka regions.
The northeast monsoon derives its name from the direction in which it travels – from the northeast to the southwest. The normal date of setting in of easterlies over the southeastern peninsular India is 14th October.Incorrect
Statement 1 is correct. The Indian southwest monsoon (SWM) season of June to September is the chief rainy season for India and about 75% of the country’s annual rainfall is realized during this season.
Subsequent to the withdrawal of SWM, the northeast monsoon (NEM), a small-scale monsoon confined to parts of southern peninsular India occurs.
Statement 2 is incorrect. The rainfall from the NEM is mostly confines to Tamil Nadu, Puducherry & Karaikal, Kerala & Mahe, Coastal Andhra Pradesh, Rayalaseema and South Interior Karnataka regions.
The northeast monsoon derives its name from the direction in which it travels – from the northeast to the southwest. The normal date of setting in of easterlies over the southeastern peninsular India is 14th October. - Question 7 of 20
7. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following is/are correctly matched?
1. Cyclonic Amphan – Arabian Sea
2. Cyclone Nivar – Bay of Bengal
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Option 1 is incorrectly matched. Super Cyclonic Storm Amphan was a powerful and catastrophic tropical cyclone in Bay of Bengal that caused widespread damage in Eastern India, specifically West Bengal, and also Bangladesh in May 2020.
Option 2 is correctly matched. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has forecast the development of a cyclone in the Southwest region of the Bay of Bengal, off Tamil Nadu coast.
The Met department has said that it will strengthen into a cyclone. Once intensified, it would acquire its name ‘Nivar’, proposed by Iran.Incorrect
Option 1 is incorrectly matched. Super Cyclonic Storm Amphan was a powerful and catastrophic tropical cyclone in Bay of Bengal that caused widespread damage in Eastern India, specifically West Bengal, and also Bangladesh in May 2020.
Option 2 is correctly matched. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) has forecast the development of a cyclone in the Southwest region of the Bay of Bengal, off Tamil Nadu coast.
The Met department has said that it will strengthen into a cyclone. Once intensified, it would acquire its name ‘Nivar’, proposed by Iran. - Question 8 of 20
8. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following country’s submitted name has been chosen for Cyclone Nivar?
Correct
There are six regional specialised meteorological centres (RSMCs) and five regional Tropical Cyclone Warning Centres (TCWCs) across the globe to monitor cyclogenesis, issue advisories and name cyclones.
IMD’s RSMC in New Delhi is one among them that provide advisories to 13 countries in the north Indian Ocean basin: Bangladesh, India, Iran, Maldives, Myanmar, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, United Arab Emirates and Yemen. RSMC, New Delhi is also responsible for naming cyclones over the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea.
In 2020, a new list of cyclone names was issued by IMD, following WMO guidelines. The new list comprises 13 names of cyclones each for the 13 member countries, totalling to 169. The names for India include Gati, Tej, Murasu, Aag, Vyom, Jhar, Probaho, Neer, Prabhanjan, Ghurni, Ambud, Jaladhi and Vega.
Cyclone Nivar’s name is among the names submitted by Iran.Incorrect
There are six regional specialised meteorological centres (RSMCs) and five regional Tropical Cyclone Warning Centres (TCWCs) across the globe to monitor cyclogenesis, issue advisories and name cyclones.
IMD’s RSMC in New Delhi is one among them that provide advisories to 13 countries in the north Indian Ocean basin: Bangladesh, India, Iran, Maldives, Myanmar, Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, United Arab Emirates and Yemen. RSMC, New Delhi is also responsible for naming cyclones over the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea.
In 2020, a new list of cyclone names was issued by IMD, following WMO guidelines. The new list comprises 13 names of cyclones each for the 13 member countries, totalling to 169. The names for India include Gati, Tej, Murasu, Aag, Vyom, Jhar, Probaho, Neer, Prabhanjan, Ghurni, Ambud, Jaladhi and Vega.
Cyclone Nivar’s name is among the names submitted by Iran. - Question 9 of 20
9. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyConsider the following statements:
1.Year 2019 was the hottest year on record.
2.More than half of incoming sunlight is reflected back into space by bright surfaces like clouds and ice.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Statement 1 is incorrect. 2019 was the 2nd warmest year on record. The past five years have been the hottest five.
Statement 2 is incorrect. About 29 percent of the solar energy that arrives at the top of the atmosphere is reflected back to space by clouds, atmospheric particles, or bright ground surfaces like sea ice and snow. About 23 percent of incoming solar energy is absorbed in the atmosphere by water vapor, dust, and ozone, and 48 percent passes through the atmosphere and is absorbed by the surface. Thus, about 71 percent of the total incoming solar energy is absorbed by the Earth system.
# New Zealand’s government will decide next week if a climate emergency should be declared in the country or not.Incorrect
Statement 1 is incorrect. 2019 was the 2nd warmest year on record. The past five years have been the hottest five.
Statement 2 is incorrect. About 29 percent of the solar energy that arrives at the top of the atmosphere is reflected back to space by clouds, atmospheric particles, or bright ground surfaces like sea ice and snow. About 23 percent of incoming solar energy is absorbed in the atmosphere by water vapor, dust, and ozone, and 48 percent passes through the atmosphere and is absorbed by the surface. Thus, about 71 percent of the total incoming solar energy is absorbed by the Earth system.
# New Zealand’s government will decide next week if a climate emergency should be declared in the country or not. - Question 10 of 20
10. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following statement correctly defines the Fujiwhara effect?
Correct
The Fujiwhara effect refers to tendency of two nearby tropical cyclones to rotate cyclonically about each other.
When two hurricanes spinning in the same direction pass close enough to each other, they begin an intense movement around their common center. If one hurricane is a lot stronger than the other, the smaller one will orbit it and eventually come crashing into its vortex to be absorbed.
Two storms closer in strength can gravitate towards each other until they reach a common point and merge, or merely spin each other around for a while before shooting off on their own paths. In rare occasions, the effect is additive when the hurricanes come together, resulting in one larger storm instead of two smaller ones.
# Two tropical storms named Marco and Laura forming in the western Atlantic Ocean at nearly the same time are likely to impact the Gulf of Mexico sparking concerns of the rare Fujiwhara effect.
Incorrect
The Fujiwhara effect refers to tendency of two nearby tropical cyclones to rotate cyclonically about each other.
When two hurricanes spinning in the same direction pass close enough to each other, they begin an intense movement around their common center. If one hurricane is a lot stronger than the other, the smaller one will orbit it and eventually come crashing into its vortex to be absorbed.
Two storms closer in strength can gravitate towards each other until they reach a common point and merge, or merely spin each other around for a while before shooting off on their own paths. In rare occasions, the effect is additive when the hurricanes come together, resulting in one larger storm instead of two smaller ones.
# Two tropical storms named Marco and Laura forming in the western Atlantic Ocean at nearly the same time are likely to impact the Gulf of Mexico sparking concerns of the rare Fujiwhara effect.
- Question 11 of 20
11. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding Indian Monsoon:
- The long period average (LPA) of monsoon rainfall over India between 1961-2010 is about
88cm.
- India Meteorological Department (IMD) has revised the monsoon arrival date in Kerala
from June 1 to June 5 from this year onwards.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Statement 1 is correct. LPA of rainfall is the rainfall recorded over a particular
region for a given interval (like month or season) average over a long period like 30years,
50-years etc.
Current LPA of all India south west monsoon rainfall based on the average rainfall over the
period 1961 -2010 is 880.6mm.
Statement 2 is incorrect. India Meteorological Department (IMD) has revised the normal
onset and withdrawal dates based on recent data. The normal dates of onset are revised
based on data during 1961-2019 and normal dates of withdrawal are revised based on data
during 1971-2019.
Monsoon onset over Kerala remains the same, i.e., 1 June. However, new monsoon
advance dates over the states like Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh,
Telegana, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar and parts of Uttar Pradesh are
delayed by 3-7 days compared to existing normal dates. However, over extreme northwest
India, the monsoon arrives now little earlier, on 8th July compared to the existing date of
15th July. There are however appreciable changes in the monsoon withdrawal dates,
especially over Northwest and Central India. Monsoon withdraws from NW India almost 7-
14 days later from the existing dates. There is no change in the final withdrawal date
over south India, i.e., 15th October.
Incorrect
Statement 1 is correct. LPA of rainfall is the rainfall recorded over a particular
region for a given interval (like month or season) average over a long period like 30years,
50-years etc.
Current LPA of all India south west monsoon rainfall based on the average rainfall over the
period 1961 -2010 is 880.6mm.
Statement 2 is incorrect. India Meteorological Department (IMD) has revised the normal
onset and withdrawal dates based on recent data. The normal dates of onset are revised
based on data during 1961-2019 and normal dates of withdrawal are revised based on data
during 1971-2019.
Monsoon onset over Kerala remains the same, i.e., 1 June. However, new monsoon
advance dates over the states like Maharashtra, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Chattisgarh,
Telegana, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Jharkhand, Bihar and parts of Uttar Pradesh are
delayed by 3-7 days compared to existing normal dates. However, over extreme northwest
India, the monsoon arrives now little earlier, on 8th July compared to the existing date of
15th July. There are however appreciable changes in the monsoon withdrawal dates,
especially over Northwest and Central India. Monsoon withdraws from NW India almost 7-
14 days later from the existing dates. There is no change in the final withdrawal date
over south India, i.e., 15th October.
- Question 12 of 20
12. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the Tropical cyclones:
- An eye forms in the center of the cyclone having very high air pressure.
- Their intensity usually weakens when they make landfall.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Statement 1 is incorrect. Cyclones are characterized by inward spiraling
winds that rotate about a zone of low pressure. As the storm system rotates faster and
faster, an eye forms in the center. It is very calm and clear in the eye, with very low air
pressure. Higher pressure air from above flows down into the eye.
Statement 2 is correct. The warm, moist air over the ocean rises upward from near the
surface. Tropical cyclones usually weaken when they hit land, because they are no longer
being “fed” by the energy from the warm ocean waters. However, they often move far inland,
dumping many inches of rain and causing lots of wind damage before they die out
completely.
Incorrect
Statement 1 is incorrect. Cyclones are characterized by inward spiraling
winds that rotate about a zone of low pressure. As the storm system rotates faster and
faster, an eye forms in the center. It is very calm and clear in the eye, with very low air
pressure. Higher pressure air from above flows down into the eye.
Statement 2 is correct. The warm, moist air over the ocean rises upward from near the
surface. Tropical cyclones usually weaken when they hit land, because they are no longer
being “fed” by the energy from the warm ocean waters. However, they often move far inland,
dumping many inches of rain and causing lots of wind damage before they die out
completely.
- Question 13 of 20
13. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the Storm Surge:
- Storm surge is the abnormal rise in seawater level during a storm, measured as the
height of the water above the normal predicted astronomical tide.
- The amplitude of the storm surge at any given location depends on the orientation of the
coast line with the storm track, the intensity, size, speed of the storm, and the
local bathymetry.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Storm Surge.
- Storm surge is the abnormal rise in seawater level during a storm, measured as
the height of the water above the normal predicted astronomical tide.
- The surge is caused primarily by a storm’s winds pushing water onshore.
- The amplitude of the storm surge at any given location depends on the orientation
of the coast line with the storm track;
- The intensity, size, and speed of the storm; and the local bathymetry.
Incorrect
Storm Surge.
- Storm surge is the abnormal rise in seawater level during a storm, measured as
the height of the water above the normal predicted astronomical tide.
- The surge is caused primarily by a storm’s winds pushing water onshore.
- The amplitude of the storm surge at any given location depends on the orientation
of the coast line with the storm track;
- The intensity, size, and speed of the storm; and the local bathymetry.
- Question 14 of 20
14. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following clouds are patchy gray or white clouds that often have a dark
honeycomb-like appearance?
Correct
All clouds are made up of basically the same thing: water droplets or ice
crystals that float in the sky.
But all clouds look a little bit different from one another, and sometimes these differences
can help us predict a change in the weather.
- Cirrus clouds are delicate, feathery clouds that are made mostly of ice crystals.
Their wispy shape comes from wind currents which twist and spread the ice crystals
into strands.
- Altocumulus clouds have several patchy white or gray layers, and seem to be made
up of many small rows of fluffy ripples. They are lower than cirrus clouds, but still
quite high. They are made of liquid water, but they don’t often produce rain.
- Cumulus clouds look like fluffy, white cotton balls in the sky. They are beautiful
in sunsets, and their varying sizes and shapes can make them fun to observe!
- Stratocumulus clouds are patchy gray or white clouds that often have a dark
honeycomb-like appearance.
Incorrect
All clouds are made up of basically the same thing: water droplets or ice
crystals that float in the sky.
But all clouds look a little bit different from one another, and sometimes these differences
can help us predict a change in the weather.
- Cirrus clouds are delicate, feathery clouds that are made mostly of ice crystals.
Their wispy shape comes from wind currents which twist and spread the ice crystals
into strands.
- Altocumulus clouds have several patchy white or gray layers, and seem to be made
up of many small rows of fluffy ripples. They are lower than cirrus clouds, but still
quite high. They are made of liquid water, but they don’t often produce rain.
- Cumulus clouds look like fluffy, white cotton balls in the sky. They are beautiful
in sunsets, and their varying sizes and shapes can make them fun to observe!
- Stratocumulus clouds are patchy gray or white clouds that often have a dark
honeycomb-like appearance.
- Question 15 of 20
15. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following cloud is also known as rain cloud?
Correct
The prefix “nimbo-” or the suffix “-nimbus” are low-level clouds that have their bases below 2,000 meters (6,500 feet) above the Earth.
Clouds that produce rain and snow fall into this category. (“Nimbus” comes from the Latin word for “rain.”) Two examples are the nimbostratus or cumulonimbus clouds.
Nimbostratus clouds bring continuous precipitation that can last for many hours. These low-level clouds are full of moisture.
Cumulonimbus clouds are also called thunderheads. Thunderheads produce rain, thunder, and lightning.
Many cumulonimbus clouds occur along cold fronts, where cool air is forced under warm air.
They usually shrink as evening approaches, and moisture in the air evaporates. Cumulonimbus clouds gradually become stratocumulus clouds, which rarely produce rain.
Incorrect
The prefix “nimbo-” or the suffix “-nimbus” are low-level clouds that have their bases below 2,000 meters (6,500 feet) above the Earth.
Clouds that produce rain and snow fall into this category. (“Nimbus” comes from the Latin word for “rain.”) Two examples are the nimbostratus or cumulonimbus clouds.
Nimbostratus clouds bring continuous precipitation that can last for many hours. These low-level clouds are full of moisture.
Cumulonimbus clouds are also called thunderheads. Thunderheads produce rain, thunder, and lightning.
Many cumulonimbus clouds occur along cold fronts, where cool air is forced under warm air.
They usually shrink as evening approaches, and moisture in the air evaporates. Cumulonimbus clouds gradually become stratocumulus clouds, which rarely produce rain.
- Question 16 of 20
16. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following are refer as the Roaring Forties, Furious Fifties and Shrieking or Stormy Sixties?
Correct
The Roaring Forties take shape as warm air near the equator rises and moves toward the poles.
Warm air moving pole-ward (on both sides of the equator) is the result of nature trying to reduce the temperature difference between the equator and at the poles created by uneven heating from the sun.
This process sets up global circulation cells, which are mainly responsible for global-scale wind patterns.
The air descends back to Earth’s surface at about 30 degrees’ latitude north and south of the equator. This is known as the high-pressure subtropical ridge, also known as the horse latitudes.
Here, as the temperature gradient decreases, air is deflected toward the poles by the Earth’s rotation, causing strong westerly and prevailing winds at approximately 40 degrees. These winds are the Roaring Forties.
The Roaring Forties in the Northern Hemisphere don’t pack the same punch that they do in the Southern Hemisphere.
This is because the large land masses of North America, Europe, and Asia obstructing the airstream, whereas, in the southern hemisphere, there is less land to break the wind in South America, Australia, and New Zealand.
While the Roaring Forties may be fierce, 10 degrees south are even stronger gale-force winds called the Furious Fifties.
And 10 degrees south of the Furious Fifties lay the Screaming Sixties! We can thank the intrepid sailors of yore for these wildly descriptive terms
Incorrect
The Roaring Forties take shape as warm air near the equator rises and moves toward the poles.
Warm air moving pole-ward (on both sides of the equator) is the result of nature trying to reduce the temperature difference between the equator and at the poles created by uneven heating from the sun.
This process sets up global circulation cells, which are mainly responsible for global-scale wind patterns.
The air descends back to Earth’s surface at about 30 degrees’ latitude north and south of the equator. This is known as the high-pressure subtropical ridge, also known as the horse latitudes.
Here, as the temperature gradient decreases, air is deflected toward the poles by the Earth’s rotation, causing strong westerly and prevailing winds at approximately 40 degrees. These winds are the Roaring Forties.
The Roaring Forties in the Northern Hemisphere don’t pack the same punch that they do in the Southern Hemisphere.
This is because the large land masses of North America, Europe, and Asia obstructing the airstream, whereas, in the southern hemisphere, there is less land to break the wind in South America, Australia, and New Zealand.
While the Roaring Forties may be fierce, 10 degrees south are even stronger gale-force winds called the Furious Fifties.
And 10 degrees south of the Furious Fifties lay the Screaming Sixties! We can thank the intrepid sailors of yore for these wildly descriptive terms
- Question 17 of 20
17. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe major hot deserts of the world are mainly associated with which of the following?
Correct
The hot deserts lie astride the Horse Latitudes or the sub-tropical high pressure belts where the air is descending, a condition is least favourable for precipitation of any kind to take place.
Incorrect
The hot deserts lie astride the Horse Latitudes or the sub-tropical high pressure belts where the air is descending, a condition is least favourable for precipitation of any kind to take place.
- Question 18 of 20
18. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentMovement of water caused by meteorological effects like winds and atmospheric pressure changes are known as?
Correct
The periodical rise and fall of the sea level, once or twice a day, mainly due to the attraction of the sun and the moon, is called a tide.
Movement of water caused by meteorological effects (winds and atmospheric pressure changes) is called surges. Surges are not regular like tides.
Incorrect
The periodical rise and fall of the sea level, once or twice a day, mainly due to the attraction of the sun and the moon, is called a tide.
Movement of water caused by meteorological effects (winds and atmospheric pressure changes) is called surges. Surges are not regular like tides.
- Question 19 of 20
19. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following factors are affecting the Indian monsoon?
- Differential heating of the landmass of Asia and the Indian Ocean.
- Existence of the Himalayan ranges and the Tibetan Plateau.
- Changes in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
The term monsoon has been derived from the Arabic word mausin or from the Malayan word monsin meaning ‘season’.
Monsoons are seasonal winds (Rhythmic wind movements – Periodic Winds) which reverse their direction with the change of season.
Factors affecting monsoon in India–
The differential heating of the landmass of Asia and the Indian Ocean.
The existence of the Himalayan ranges and the Tibetan Plateau.
The occurrence of heavy-light snow over the Tibetan Plateau
- The existence and circulation of the upper air jet stream in the troposphere.
Changes in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean have been known to have an inverse relationship with the Indian summer monsoon rainfall. This means if there is a cold phase in the Atlantic, it can bring more rainfall to India and vice versa.
Incorrect
The term monsoon has been derived from the Arabic word mausin or from the Malayan word monsin meaning ‘season’.
Monsoons are seasonal winds (Rhythmic wind movements – Periodic Winds) which reverse their direction with the change of season.
Factors affecting monsoon in India–
The differential heating of the landmass of Asia and the Indian Ocean.
The existence of the Himalayan ranges and the Tibetan Plateau.
The occurrence of heavy-light snow over the Tibetan Plateau
- The existence and circulation of the upper air jet stream in the troposphere.
Changes in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean have been known to have an inverse relationship with the Indian summer monsoon rainfall. This means if there is a cold phase in the Atlantic, it can bring more rainfall to India and vice versa.
- Question 20 of 20
20. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following pair (s) is/are correctly matched?
Affected state: Cyclone
- Tamil Nadu : Ockhi
- Gujarat : Fani
- Odisha : Vayu
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
The effects of climate change are at our doorsteps.
Cyclones such as Thane, Vardah, Ockhi and Gaja have affected Tamil Nadu in recent times;
Chennai saw terrible floods in 2015.
- Floods wreaked havoc in Assam, Himachal Pradesh and Bihar this year, and Mumbai received record monsoon rains.
Kerala witnessed floods for the second consecutive year.
Cyclone Fani devastated Odisha, Cyclone Vayu ravaged Gujarat this year. All these are because of climate change.
Incorrect
The effects of climate change are at our doorsteps.
Cyclones such as Thane, Vardah, Ockhi and Gaja have affected Tamil Nadu in recent times;
Chennai saw terrible floods in 2015.
- Floods wreaked havoc in Assam, Himachal Pradesh and Bihar this year, and Mumbai received record monsoon rains.
Kerala witnessed floods for the second consecutive year.
Cyclone Fani devastated Odisha, Cyclone Vayu ravaged Gujarat this year. All these are because of climate change.
Oceanography
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- Question 1 of 15
1. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following factors are affecting the ocean salinity?
1. Evaporation
2. Freezing of Ice
3. Rivers
4. Wind flow
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
All waters in nature, whether rain water or ocean water, contain dissolved
mineral salts. Salinity is the term used to define the total content of dissolved salts in sea
water. Factors affecting ocean salinity are mentioned below:
•The salinity of water in the surface layer of oceans depends mainly on evaporation
and precipitation.
•Surface salinity is greatly influenced in coastal regions by the fresh water flow from
rivers, and in Polar Regions by the processes of freezing and thawing of ice.
•Wind, also influences salinity of an area by transferring water to other areas.
•The ocean currents contribute to the salinity variations. Salinity, temperature and
density of water are interrelated. Hence, any change in the temperature or density
influences the salinity of water in an area.Incorrect
All waters in nature, whether rain water or ocean water, contain dissolved
mineral salts. Salinity is the term used to define the total content of dissolved salts in sea
water. Factors affecting ocean salinity are mentioned below:
•The salinity of water in the surface layer of oceans depends mainly on evaporation
and precipitation.
•Surface salinity is greatly influenced in coastal regions by the fresh water flow from
rivers, and in Polar Regions by the processes of freezing and thawing of ice.
•Wind, also influences salinity of an area by transferring water to other areas.
•The ocean currents contribute to the salinity variations. Salinity, temperature and
density of water are interrelated. Hence, any change in the temperature or density
influences the salinity of water in an area. - Question 2 of 15
2. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the Oceanic Rossby Waves:
1. Oceanic Rossby Waves are fast moving waves.
2. Oceanic Rossby Waves stretch horizontally across the planet for hundreds of kilometers
in eastward direction.
Which of the statements given above is/are NOT correct?Correct
Oceanic and atmospheric Rossby waves — also known as planetary waves —
naturally occur largely due to the Earth’s rotation. These waves affect the planet’s weather
and climate.
•Waves in the ocean come in many different shapes and sizes.
•Slow-moving oceanic Rossby waves are fundamentally different from ocean
surface waves.
•Unlike waves that break along the shore, Rossby waves are huge, undulating
movements of the ocean that stretch horizontally across the planet for
hundreds of kilometers in a westward direction.
•They are so large and massive that they can change Earth’s climate conditions.
•Along with rising sea levels, King Tides, and the effects of El Niño, oceanic Rossby
waves contribute to high tides and coastal flooding in some regions of the worldIncorrect
Oceanic and atmospheric Rossby waves — also known as planetary waves —
naturally occur largely due to the Earth’s rotation. These waves affect the planet’s weather
and climate.
•Waves in the ocean come in many different shapes and sizes.
•Slow-moving oceanic Rossby waves are fundamentally different from ocean
surface waves.
•Unlike waves that break along the shore, Rossby waves are huge, undulating
movements of the ocean that stretch horizontally across the planet for
hundreds of kilometers in a westward direction.
•They are so large and massive that they can change Earth’s climate conditions.
•Along with rising sea levels, King Tides, and the effects of El Niño, oceanic Rossby
waves contribute to high tides and coastal flooding in some regions of the world - Question 3 of 15
3. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe Forchhammer’s Principle is related to which of the following?
Correct
In 1865, the Danish geologist and mineralogist Johan Georg Forchhammer,
with the help of naval and civilian collaborators, collected numerous samples of seawater from the Northern Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean. He wanted to determine why the
salinity (or “saltiness”) of seawater varies in different areas of the ocean.
•Forchhammer put the samples through a detailed series of chemical analyses and
found that the proportions of the major salts in seawater stay about the same
everywhere.
•This constant ratio is known as Forchhammer’s Principle, or the Principle of
Constant Proportions.
•In addition to this principle, Forchhammer is credited with defining the
term salinity to mean the concentration of major salts in seawater.
•Forchhammer’s discovery helped scientists understand that salinity levels in
seawater vary due to the addition or removal of fresh water, rather than differing
amounts of salt minerals in the water.
•The principle is still applied today in marine research, and provides a simple way to
estimate salinity and trace the mixing of water masses in the global ocean.Incorrect
In 1865, the Danish geologist and mineralogist Johan Georg Forchhammer,
with the help of naval and civilian collaborators, collected numerous samples of seawater from the Northern Atlantic and the Arctic Ocean. He wanted to determine why the
salinity (or “saltiness”) of seawater varies in different areas of the ocean.
•Forchhammer put the samples through a detailed series of chemical analyses and
found that the proportions of the major salts in seawater stay about the same
everywhere.
•This constant ratio is known as Forchhammer’s Principle, or the Principle of
Constant Proportions.
•In addition to this principle, Forchhammer is credited with defining the
term salinity to mean the concentration of major salts in seawater.
•Forchhammer’s discovery helped scientists understand that salinity levels in
seawater vary due to the addition or removal of fresh water, rather than differing
amounts of salt minerals in the water.
•The principle is still applied today in marine research, and provides a simple way to
estimate salinity and trace the mixing of water masses in the global ocean. - Question 4 of 15
4. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentArrange the following Seas of Europe Continent from North to South:
1. Baltic Sea
2. White Sea
3. Ionian Sea
4. Adriatic Sea
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Incorrect
- Question 5 of 15
5. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentBougainville Island is recently in news is located in which of the following Ocean?
Correct
On December 11, 2019, the South Pacific Archipelago of Bougainville voted
to become independent of Papua New Guinea.
•Around 98% of 1,81,067 voters voted to get independent from Papua New Guinea. It
is the largest island of the Solomon Islands Archipelago.
•The island has the world’s largest copper deposits. The most widely spoken language
in the country is Halia.
•The country is yet to prove its recognition in the United Nations.Incorrect
On December 11, 2019, the South Pacific Archipelago of Bougainville voted
to become independent of Papua New Guinea.
•Around 98% of 1,81,067 voters voted to get independent from Papua New Guinea. It
is the largest island of the Solomon Islands Archipelago.
•The island has the world’s largest copper deposits. The most widely spoken language
in the country is Halia.
•The country is yet to prove its recognition in the United Nations. - Question 6 of 15
6. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following is NOT part of Great lakes of North America?
Correct
The Great Lakes are, from west to east: Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie and
Ontario.
•They are a dominant part of the physical and cultural heritage of North America.
•Shared with Canada and spanning more than 750 miles (1,200 kilometers) from
west to east, these vast inland freshwater seas provide water for consumption,
transportation, power, recreation and a host of other uses.
•The Great Lakes are one of the world’s largest surface freshwater ecosystems.Incorrect
The Great Lakes are, from west to east: Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie and
Ontario.
•They are a dominant part of the physical and cultural heritage of North America.
•Shared with Canada and spanning more than 750 miles (1,200 kilometers) from
west to east, these vast inland freshwater seas provide water for consumption,
transportation, power, recreation and a host of other uses.
•The Great Lakes are one of the world’s largest surface freshwater ecosystems. - Question 7 of 15
7. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following statements is/are correct about types of “Estuaries”?
1. Coastal plains estuaries form when a shallow lagoon or bay is protected from the ocean
by a sand bar, delta or island.
2. Fjord and Ria estuaries are formed by glacial action.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
There are four main types of estuaries, based on how they were formed.
•Bar-built estuaries form when a shallow lagoon or bay is protected from the ocean
by a sand bar, delta or island.
•Coastal plains estuaries are formed when the rising sea fills existing river
valleys.
•Tectonic estuaries are caused by the folding of land surfaces due to volcanic
activity.
•Fjord and Ria estuaries are drowned river valleys where the river valley was
originally formed by glacial action.Incorrect
There are four main types of estuaries, based on how they were formed.
•Bar-built estuaries form when a shallow lagoon or bay is protected from the ocean
by a sand bar, delta or island.
•Coastal plains estuaries are formed when the rising sea fills existing river
valleys.
•Tectonic estuaries are caused by the folding of land surfaces due to volcanic
activity.
•Fjord and Ria estuaries are drowned river valleys where the river valley was
originally formed by glacial action. - Question 8 of 15
8. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe Beaufort Gyre (Sea water current), sometimes seen in news is related to which of the following?
Correct
According to the scientists, including those from NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the US, a sea-water current called the Beaufort Gyre keeps the polar environment in balance by storing fresh water near the surface of the Arctic Ocean.
• Wind blows the gyre in a clockwise direction around the western Arctic Ocean, north of Canada, where it naturally collects fresh water from the melting of glaciers, and river runoff.
• The researchers said this fresh water is important in the Arctic since it floats above the warmer, salty water, and helps protect the sea ice from melting – in turn regulating the Earth’s climate.
• As the fresh water is slowly released by the gyre into the Atlantic Ocean over a period of decades, it allows the Atlantic Ocean currents to carry it away in small amounts.
• However, since the 1990s, the researchers said, the gyre has accumulated a large amount of fresh water – 8,000 cubic kilometres – or almost twice the volume of Lake Michigan in the US.
• According to the new study, the cause of this gain in freshwater concentration is the loss of sea ice in summer and autumn.
• Due to this decades-long decline of the Arctic’s summertime ice cover, the Beaufort Gyre is more exposed to the wind, which has spun the gyre faster, trapping the fresh water in its current.Incorrect
According to the scientists, including those from NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in the US, a sea-water current called the Beaufort Gyre keeps the polar environment in balance by storing fresh water near the surface of the Arctic Ocean.
• Wind blows the gyre in a clockwise direction around the western Arctic Ocean, north of Canada, where it naturally collects fresh water from the melting of glaciers, and river runoff.
• The researchers said this fresh water is important in the Arctic since it floats above the warmer, salty water, and helps protect the sea ice from melting – in turn regulating the Earth’s climate.
• As the fresh water is slowly released by the gyre into the Atlantic Ocean over a period of decades, it allows the Atlantic Ocean currents to carry it away in small amounts.
• However, since the 1990s, the researchers said, the gyre has accumulated a large amount of fresh water – 8,000 cubic kilometres – or almost twice the volume of Lake Michigan in the US.
• According to the new study, the cause of this gain in freshwater concentration is the loss of sea ice in summer and autumn.
• Due to this decades-long decline of the Arctic’s summertime ice cover, the Beaufort Gyre is more exposed to the wind, which has spun the gyre faster, trapping the fresh water in its current. - Question 9 of 15
9. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC):
1. It is a large system of ocean currents that carry warm water from the tropics northwards into the North Atlantic.
2. Its circulation effects the location of droughts and frequency of hurricanes.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a large system of ocean currents that carry warm water from the tropics northwards into the North Atlantic.
• The AMOC is a large system of ocean currents, like a conveyor belt, driven by differences in temperature and salt content – the water’s density.
• As warm water flows northwards it cools and some evaporation occurs, which increases the amount of salt.
• Low temperature and a high salt content make the water denser, and this dense water sinks deep into the ocean.
• The cold, dense water slowly spreads southwards, several kilometres below the surface (As that water cools and sinks it drives a slow circulation of the oceans that is critical to global climate, affecting the location of droughts and frequency of hurricanes).
• Eventually, it gets pulled back to the surface and warms in a process called “upwelling” and the circulation is complete.
• This global process makes sure that the world’s oceans are continually mixed, and that heat and energy are distributed around the earth. This, in turn, contributes to the climate we experience today.
• As that water cools and sinks it drives a slow circulation of the oceans that is critical to global climate, affecting the location of droughts and frequency of hurricanes.
• It also stores heat-trapping carbon dioxide deep in the ocean.Incorrect
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a large system of ocean currents that carry warm water from the tropics northwards into the North Atlantic.
• The AMOC is a large system of ocean currents, like a conveyor belt, driven by differences in temperature and salt content – the water’s density.
• As warm water flows northwards it cools and some evaporation occurs, which increases the amount of salt.
• Low temperature and a high salt content make the water denser, and this dense water sinks deep into the ocean.
• The cold, dense water slowly spreads southwards, several kilometres below the surface (As that water cools and sinks it drives a slow circulation of the oceans that is critical to global climate, affecting the location of droughts and frequency of hurricanes).
• Eventually, it gets pulled back to the surface and warms in a process called “upwelling” and the circulation is complete.
• This global process makes sure that the world’s oceans are continually mixed, and that heat and energy are distributed around the earth. This, in turn, contributes to the climate we experience today.
• As that water cools and sinks it drives a slow circulation of the oceans that is critical to global climate, affecting the location of droughts and frequency of hurricanes.
• It also stores heat-trapping carbon dioxide deep in the ocean. - Question 10 of 15
10. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following Ocean current is called as “Black Stream”?
Correct
THE KUROSHIO IS a warm northeasterly ocean current off the coast of Japan. This current is also called the gulf stream of the Pacific or Japan Current.
• Kuroshio means “the black stream” in Japanese, named after the deep ultramarine color of the high salinity water, which is found flowing north of the current’s axis.
• The system includes the following branches: Kuroshio, up to 35 degrees N; Kuroshio extension, extending eastward into two branches up to 160 degrees E longitude;
• North Pacific current, a further eastward continuation, which throws branches to the south as far as 150 degrees W;
• Tsushima current, branches of the main current that run into the Japan Sea, along the west coast of JAPAN;
• And Kuroshio counter-current, the large swirl or eddy on the east and south east of the Kuroshio.Incorrect
THE KUROSHIO IS a warm northeasterly ocean current off the coast of Japan. This current is also called the gulf stream of the Pacific or Japan Current.
• Kuroshio means “the black stream” in Japanese, named after the deep ultramarine color of the high salinity water, which is found flowing north of the current’s axis.
• The system includes the following branches: Kuroshio, up to 35 degrees N; Kuroshio extension, extending eastward into two branches up to 160 degrees E longitude;
• North Pacific current, a further eastward continuation, which throws branches to the south as far as 150 degrees W;
• Tsushima current, branches of the main current that run into the Japan Sea, along the west coast of JAPAN;
• And Kuroshio counter-current, the large swirl or eddy on the east and south east of the Kuroshio. - Question 11 of 15
11. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentArrange the following water reservoirs on Earth’s surface in descending order:
- Ground Water
- Atmosphere
- Soil Moisture
- Biosphere
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
About 71 per cent of the planetary water is found in the oceans. The remaining is held as freshwater in glaciers and icecaps, groundwater sources, lakes, soil moisture, atmosphere, streams and within life. Nearly 59 per cent of the water that falls on land returns to the atmosphere through evaporation from over the oceans as well as from other places. The remainder runs-off on the surface, infiltrates into the ground or a part of it becomes glacier.
Incorrect
About 71 per cent of the planetary water is found in the oceans. The remaining is held as freshwater in glaciers and icecaps, groundwater sources, lakes, soil moisture, atmosphere, streams and within life. Nearly 59 per cent of the water that falls on land returns to the atmosphere through evaporation from over the oceans as well as from other places. The remainder runs-off on the surface, infiltrates into the ground or a part of it becomes glacier.
- Question 12 of 15
12. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following are relief features of an Ocean Basin?
- Plateaux
- Submarine ridges
- Canyons
- Sea mounts
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
The ocean floors can be divided into four major divisions:
The Continental Shelf;
The Continental Slope;
- The Deep Sea Plain;
The Oceanic Deeps.
Besides, these divisions there are also major and minor relief features in the ocean floors like ridges, hills, sea mounts, guyots, trenches, canyons, etc.
Incorrect
The ocean floors can be divided into four major divisions:
The Continental Shelf;
The Continental Slope;
- The Deep Sea Plain;
The Oceanic Deeps.
Besides, these divisions there are also major and minor relief features in the ocean floors like ridges, hills, sea mounts, guyots, trenches, canyons, etc.
- Question 13 of 15
13. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the Oceans:
- Around 50-80% of the oxygen production on Earth comes from the ocean.
- The majority of this production is from oceanic plankton.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Scientists estimate that 50-80% of the oxygen production on Earth comes from the ocean.
The majority of this production is from oceanic plankton — drifting plants, algae, and some bacteria that can photosynthesize.
One particular species, Prochlorococcus, is the smallest photosynthetic organism on Earth.
But this little bacteria produces up to 20% of the oxygen in our entire biosphere.
That’s a higher percentage than all of the tropical rainforests on land combined.
It’s important to remember that although the ocean produces at least 50% of the oxygen on Earth, roughly the same amount is consumed by marine life.
Like animals on land, marine animals use oxygen to breathe, and both plants and animals use oxygen for cellular respiration.
Oxygen is also consumed when dead plants and animals decay in the ocean.
Incorrect
Scientists estimate that 50-80% of the oxygen production on Earth comes from the ocean.
The majority of this production is from oceanic plankton — drifting plants, algae, and some bacteria that can photosynthesize.
One particular species, Prochlorococcus, is the smallest photosynthetic organism on Earth.
But this little bacteria produces up to 20% of the oxygen in our entire biosphere.
That’s a higher percentage than all of the tropical rainforests on land combined.
It’s important to remember that although the ocean produces at least 50% of the oxygen on Earth, roughly the same amount is consumed by marine life.
Like animals on land, marine animals use oxygen to breathe, and both plants and animals use oxygen for cellular respiration.
Oxygen is also consumed when dead plants and animals decay in the ocean.
- Question 14 of 15
14. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWorld’s largest dead zone is located in which of the following sea?
Correct
A massive “dead zone” in the Arabian Sea is the largest in the world, a new study reveals.
Dead zones are oxygen-starved ocean regions where few organisms can survive.
They emerge in ocean depths ranging from 650 to 2,600 feet (200 to 800 meters), when influxes of chemical nutrients — typically from human pollution — spur algae growth, which sucks up oxygen.
A significant oxygen-deprived region has bloomed in the Gulf of Oman for decades, but it was last surveyed in the 1990s.
The Gulf of Oman, which spans 70,000 square miles (181,000 square kilometers), connects the Arabian Sea to the Persian Gulf.
It has long been off-limits to researchers because of the region’s political instability and the threat of ocean piracy.
For eight months, these AUVs gathered data on oxygen levels, and then transmitted their readings to the scientists via satellite.
- Researchers then used computer models to visualize the ocean currents that circulated oxygen around the gulf from the Arabian Sea.
They found that the oxygen-poor region had grown dramatically, and the scant oxygen formerly held in the depleted zone — based on data from the 1990s — had drained significantly, leaving bigger areas with no oxygen at all.
Incorrect
A massive “dead zone” in the Arabian Sea is the largest in the world, a new study reveals.
Dead zones are oxygen-starved ocean regions where few organisms can survive.
They emerge in ocean depths ranging from 650 to 2,600 feet (200 to 800 meters), when influxes of chemical nutrients — typically from human pollution — spur algae growth, which sucks up oxygen.
A significant oxygen-deprived region has bloomed in the Gulf of Oman for decades, but it was last surveyed in the 1990s.
The Gulf of Oman, which spans 70,000 square miles (181,000 square kilometers), connects the Arabian Sea to the Persian Gulf.
It has long been off-limits to researchers because of the region’s political instability and the threat of ocean piracy.
For eight months, these AUVs gathered data on oxygen levels, and then transmitted their readings to the scientists via satellite.
- Researchers then used computer models to visualize the ocean currents that circulated oxygen around the gulf from the Arabian Sea.
They found that the oxygen-poor region had grown dramatically, and the scant oxygen formerly held in the depleted zone — based on data from the 1990s — had drained significantly, leaving bigger areas with no oxygen at all.
- Question 15 of 15
15. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following deserts is/are influenced by ocean currents?
- Atacama Desert
- Namib Desert
- Gobi Desert
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
Namib Desert: the Namib Desert is a direct result of the Benguela Current.
Seamounts near to the coastline beneath the Atlantic’s surface cause the icy Benguela River to flow very close to the Namibian coast.
This causes a harsh coastal climate with very little rainfall.
Atacama Desert: Cold ocean currents contribute to the formation of coastal deserts.
Air blowing toward shore, chilled by contact with cold water, produces a layer of fog. This heavy fog drifts onto land.
The Atacama Desert, on the Pacific shores of Chile, is a coastal desert.
Some areas of the Atacama are often covered by fog. But the region can go decades without rainfall. In fact, the Atacama Desert is the driest place on Earth.
Gobi Desert: Interior deserts, which are found in the heart of continents, exist because no moisture-laden winds reach them.
By the time air masses from coastal areas reach the interior, they have lost all their moisture. Interior deserts are sometimes called inland deserts.
The Gobi Desert, in China and Mongolia, lays hundreds of kilometers from the ocean. Winds that reach the Gobi have long since lost their moisture.
The Gobi is also in the rain shadow of the Himalaya Mountains to the south
Incorrect
Namib Desert: the Namib Desert is a direct result of the Benguela Current.
Seamounts near to the coastline beneath the Atlantic’s surface cause the icy Benguela River to flow very close to the Namibian coast.
This causes a harsh coastal climate with very little rainfall.
Atacama Desert: Cold ocean currents contribute to the formation of coastal deserts.
Air blowing toward shore, chilled by contact with cold water, produces a layer of fog. This heavy fog drifts onto land.
The Atacama Desert, on the Pacific shores of Chile, is a coastal desert.
Some areas of the Atacama are often covered by fog. But the region can go decades without rainfall. In fact, the Atacama Desert is the driest place on Earth.
Gobi Desert: Interior deserts, which are found in the heart of continents, exist because no moisture-laden winds reach them.
By the time air masses from coastal areas reach the interior, they have lost all their moisture. Interior deserts are sometimes called inland deserts.
The Gobi Desert, in China and Mongolia, lays hundreds of kilometers from the ocean. Winds that reach the Gobi have long since lost their moisture.
The Gobi is also in the rain shadow of the Himalaya Mountains to the south
Geomorphology
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- Question 1 of 23
1. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following is/are correctly matched?
Mechanism/Process : Rock
1. Mechanically formed sedimentary rock : Sandstone
2. Organically formed sedimentary rock : Rock salt
3. Chemically formed sedimentary rock : Shale
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Sedimentary rocks are formed by the accumulation of sediments. There are
three basic types of sedimentary rocks.
•Clastic sedimentary rocks such as breccia, conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone,
and shale are formed from mechanical weathering debris.
•Chemical sedimentary rocks, such as rock salt, iron ore, chert, flint,
some dolomites, and some limestone, form when dissolved materials precipitate
from solution.
•Organic sedimentary rocks such as coal, some dolomites, and some limestone,
form from the accumulation of plant or animal debris.Incorrect
Sedimentary rocks are formed by the accumulation of sediments. There are
three basic types of sedimentary rocks.
•Clastic sedimentary rocks such as breccia, conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone,
and shale are formed from mechanical weathering debris.
•Chemical sedimentary rocks, such as rock salt, iron ore, chert, flint,
some dolomites, and some limestone, form when dissolved materials precipitate
from solution.
•Organic sedimentary rocks such as coal, some dolomites, and some limestone,
form from the accumulation of plant or animal debris. - Question 2 of 23
2. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the Dharwar Rock System:
1. These are the oldest sedimentary rocks.
2. The Aravali mountain range has been made with these rocks.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Dharwar system is later than the Archean system but older than the other systems.
• The Dharwar period of rock formation has been largely fixed from 2500 million years ago to 1800 million years ago.
• Dharwar Rock System is special because it is the first metamorphic sedimentary rocks in India.
• They are named Dharwar system because they were first studied in Dharwar region of Karnataka.
• But they are also found in Aravallis, Tamil Nadu, Chota-nagpur plateau, Meghalaya, Delhi, and the Himalayas region.
• The Dharwar rocks are rich in iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, gold, silver etc.Incorrect
Dharwar system is later than the Archean system but older than the other systems.
• The Dharwar period of rock formation has been largely fixed from 2500 million years ago to 1800 million years ago.
• Dharwar Rock System is special because it is the first metamorphic sedimentary rocks in India.
• They are named Dharwar system because they were first studied in Dharwar region of Karnataka.
• But they are also found in Aravallis, Tamil Nadu, Chota-nagpur plateau, Meghalaya, Delhi, and the Himalayas region.
• The Dharwar rocks are rich in iron ore, manganese, lead, zinc, gold, silver etc. - Question 3 of 23
3. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following is/are the characteristics of Igneous Rocks?
1. They are hard and compact.
2. They are granular and crystalline.
3. They are more widespread and constitute about 75% of the surface area of globe.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Igneous Rocks – produced by solidification of molten magma from the mantle. Magma that solidifies at the Earth’s surface conceives extrusive or volcanic igneous rocks.
When magma cools and solidifies beneath the surface of the earth intrusive or plutonic igneous rocks are formed
Characteristics of Igneous rocks are:
• Formed by the cooling and solidification of lava.
• Hard in nature.
• Consists of crystals, hence also called as crystalline rock.
• Examples are Granite and Basalt. These rocks are formed inside as well as on the earth.
• Fossils are not present in this rock.
• Igneous rocks are of two types : a. Extrusive rocks b. Intrusive rocks
• It is non porous rock.NOTE: Sedimentary rocks are most widespread on the surface of the earth and constitute about 75% of the surface area of globe.
Incorrect
Igneous Rocks – produced by solidification of molten magma from the mantle. Magma that solidifies at the Earth’s surface conceives extrusive or volcanic igneous rocks.
When magma cools and solidifies beneath the surface of the earth intrusive or plutonic igneous rocks are formed
Characteristics of Igneous rocks are:
• Formed by the cooling and solidification of lava.
• Hard in nature.
• Consists of crystals, hence also called as crystalline rock.
• Examples are Granite and Basalt. These rocks are formed inside as well as on the earth.
• Fossils are not present in this rock.
• Igneous rocks are of two types : a. Extrusive rocks b. Intrusive rocks
• It is non porous rock.NOTE: Sedimentary rocks are most widespread on the surface of the earth and constitute about 75% of the surface area of globe.
- Question 4 of 23
4. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following rocks is/are NOT sedimentary rocks?
1. Loess
2. Conglomerate
3. Shale
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Sedimentary rocks are formed by the accumulation of sediments. There are three basic types of sedimentary rocks.
• Clastic sedimentary rocks such as breccias, conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, loess and shale are formed from mechanical weathering debris.
• Chemical sedimentary rocks, such as rock salt, iron ore, chert, flint, some dolomites, and some limestone, form when dissolved materials precipitate from solution.
• Organic sedimentary rocks such as coal, some dolomites, and some lime stones, form from the accumulation of plant or animal debris.Incorrect
Sedimentary rocks are formed by the accumulation of sediments. There are three basic types of sedimentary rocks.
• Clastic sedimentary rocks such as breccias, conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, loess and shale are formed from mechanical weathering debris.
• Chemical sedimentary rocks, such as rock salt, iron ore, chert, flint, some dolomites, and some limestone, form when dissolved materials precipitate from solution.
• Organic sedimentary rocks such as coal, some dolomites, and some lime stones, form from the accumulation of plant or animal debris. - Question 5 of 23
5. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding crust of the earth:
1. The average density of continental crust is less than that of oceanic crust.
2. The oceanic crust is thinner than the continental crust.
Which of the statements given above is/are NOT correct?Correct
The Crust is the outermost solid part of the earth. It is brittle in nature. The thickness of the crust varies under the oceanic and continental areas.
• Oceanic crust is thinner as compared to the continental crust. The mean thickness of oceanic crust is 5 km whereas that of the continental is around 30 km.
• The continental crust is thicker in the areas of major mountain systems. It is as much as 70 km thick in the Himalayan region.
• The average density of oceanic crust is 3.0 g/cm3, while continental crust has an average of 2.7 g/cm3.Incorrect
The Crust is the outermost solid part of the earth. It is brittle in nature. The thickness of the crust varies under the oceanic and continental areas.
• Oceanic crust is thinner as compared to the continental crust. The mean thickness of oceanic crust is 5 km whereas that of the continental is around 30 km.
• The continental crust is thicker in the areas of major mountain systems. It is as much as 70 km thick in the Himalayan region.
• The average density of oceanic crust is 3.0 g/cm3, while continental crust has an average of 2.7 g/cm3. - Question 6 of 23
6. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the “igneous rocks”:
1. The acid igneous rocks are highly dense and darker in colour.
2. The basic igneous rocks are less dense and lighter in colour.
Which of the statements given above is/are NOT correct?Correct
Igneous rocks may be subdivided on the basis of mineral composition.
• When they contain a high proportion of silica they are said to be acid.
• Acid igneous rocks, such as granite, are less dense and are lighter in colour than basic rocks.
• These contain a greater proportion of basic oxides, e.g. of iron, aluminum or magnesium, and are thus denser and darker in colour.Incorrect
Igneous rocks may be subdivided on the basis of mineral composition.
• When they contain a high proportion of silica they are said to be acid.
• Acid igneous rocks, such as granite, are less dense and are lighter in colour than basic rocks.
• These contain a greater proportion of basic oxides, e.g. of iron, aluminum or magnesium, and are thus denser and darker in colour. - Question 7 of 23
7. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhere is Kilauea Volcano?
Correct
Kilauea is the youngest and most active Hawaiian shield volcano, located on the southern part of the Island of Hawai’i, known as Big Island. Since 1952, Kīlauea has erupted 34 times. From 1983 to 2018 eruptive activity was nearly continuous along the volcano’s East Rift Zone.
Hawaii’s Kilauea volcano erupted 20th December 2020. The eruption occurred within the Halema’uma’u crater. A magnitude 4.4 earthquake followed the eruption.Incorrect
Kilauea is the youngest and most active Hawaiian shield volcano, located on the southern part of the Island of Hawai’i, known as Big Island. Since 1952, Kīlauea has erupted 34 times. From 1983 to 2018 eruptive activity was nearly continuous along the volcano’s East Rift Zone.
Hawaii’s Kilauea volcano erupted 20th December 2020. The eruption occurred within the Halema’uma’u crater. A magnitude 4.4 earthquake followed the eruption. - Question 8 of 23
8. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following state (s)/place (s) of India is/are come (s) under Seismic Zone V?
1. Entire North eastern India
2. Delhi-NCR region
3. Andaman & Nicobar Islands
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:Correct
The Bureau of Indian Standards has classified regions in India into four seismic zones on the basis of historical seismic activity.
• These are zones II, III, IV and V. Among these, Zone V is the most seismically active region and zone II is the least active.
• According to Modified Mercalli scale, the seismic zone intensity is/are classified as zone II (low intensity zone), zone III (moderate intensity zone), zone IV (severe intensity zone) and zone V (very severe intensity zone).According to the Ministry of Earth Sciences:
•Zone V includes entire northeastern India, parts of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Rann of Kutch in Gujarat, parts of North Bihar and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
• Zone-IV includes the remaining parts of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. Delhi-NCR region, Sikkim, northern parts of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal, parts of Gujarat and small portions of Maharashtra near the west coast and Rajasthan also fall in this zone.
• Regions under zone III are Goa, Kerala, Lakshadweep, and remaining parts of Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat and West Bengal, parts of Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu and Karnataka.
• The remaining portion of the country falls under zone II.Incorrect
The Bureau of Indian Standards has classified regions in India into four seismic zones on the basis of historical seismic activity.
• These are zones II, III, IV and V. Among these, Zone V is the most seismically active region and zone II is the least active.
• According to Modified Mercalli scale, the seismic zone intensity is/are classified as zone II (low intensity zone), zone III (moderate intensity zone), zone IV (severe intensity zone) and zone V (very severe intensity zone).According to the Ministry of Earth Sciences:
•Zone V includes entire northeastern India, parts of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Rann of Kutch in Gujarat, parts of North Bihar and Andaman & Nicobar Islands.
• Zone-IV includes the remaining parts of Jammu and Kashmir and Himachal Pradesh. Delhi-NCR region, Sikkim, northern parts of Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and West Bengal, parts of Gujarat and small portions of Maharashtra near the west coast and Rajasthan also fall in this zone.
• Regions under zone III are Goa, Kerala, Lakshadweep, and remaining parts of Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat and West Bengal, parts of Punjab, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Andhra Pradesh, Tamilnadu and Karnataka.
• The remaining portion of the country falls under zone II. - Question 9 of 23
9. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentArrange the following Himalayan ranges from South to North:
1. Pir Panjal Range
2. Ladakh Range
3. Zanskar Range
4. Karakoram Range
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
The main geographic sections of the Kashmir Himalayan range are the Pir
Panjal, Kashmir Valley, Zanskar, Ladakh and KarakoramIncorrect
The main geographic sections of the Kashmir Himalayan range are the Pir
Panjal, Kashmir Valley, Zanskar, Ladakh and Karakoram - Question 10 of 23
10. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentArrange the following hills of North East from North to South:
1. Dafla hills
2. Mishmi hills
3. Mikir hills
4. Jaintia hills
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
The Himalayas bend sharply to the south beyond the Dihang gorge and move
outwards to form a covering the eastern boundary of the country. They are known as ‘the
Eastern or Purvanchal Hills’.
•Daffla Hills: It is situated to the north of the Tezpur and North Lakhimpur, and is
bounded on the west by the Aka Hills and on the east by the Abor Range.
•Mishmi Hills: These hills are located in the southward extension of the Great
Himalayan ranges and its northern and eastern parts touches China.
•Mikir Hills: It is located to the south of the Kaziranga National Park. It is part of the
Karbi Anglong Plateau. Radial drainage pattern is the best characteristic of this
region where Dhansiri and Jamuna being the main rivers.
•Jaintia Hills: It is located further to the east from the Khasi Hills.Incorrect
The Himalayas bend sharply to the south beyond the Dihang gorge and move
outwards to form a covering the eastern boundary of the country. They are known as ‘the
Eastern or Purvanchal Hills’.
•Daffla Hills: It is situated to the north of the Tezpur and North Lakhimpur, and is
bounded on the west by the Aka Hills and on the east by the Abor Range.
•Mishmi Hills: These hills are located in the southward extension of the Great
Himalayan ranges and its northern and eastern parts touches China.
•Mikir Hills: It is located to the south of the Kaziranga National Park. It is part of the
Karbi Anglong Plateau. Radial drainage pattern is the best characteristic of this
region where Dhansiri and Jamuna being the main rivers.
•Jaintia Hills: It is located further to the east from the Khasi Hills. - Question 11 of 23
11. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements:
1. An aquifer is a body of porous rock saturated with groundwater.
2. An artesian well doesn’t require a pump to bring water to the surface.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Statement 1 is correct. An aquifer is a body of saturated rock through which water can easily move. Groundwater enters an aquifer as precipitation seeps through the soil. It can move through the aquifer and resurface through springs and wells.
Aquifers must be both permeable and porous and include such rock types as sandstone, conglomerate, fractured limestone and unconsolidated sand and gravel. Fractured volcanic rocks such as columnar basalts also make good aquifers.
Statement 2 is correct. An artesian well is simply a well that doesn’t require a pump to bring water to the surface. This occurs when there is enough positive pressure in the aquifer to bring the water to the surface.
Groundwater in aquifers between layers of poorly permeable rock, such as clay or shale, may be confined under pressure. If such a confined aquifer is tapped by a well, water will rise above the top of the aquifer and may even flow from the well onto the land surface. Water confined in this way is said to be under artesian pressure, and the aquifer is called an artesian aquifer.
# A Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) was signed recently between Central Ground Water Board and CSIR-NGRI, Hyderabad for geophysical survey and other scientific studies in North-Western India under the Aquifer Mapping Programme.Incorrect
Statement 1 is correct. An aquifer is a body of saturated rock through which water can easily move. Groundwater enters an aquifer as precipitation seeps through the soil. It can move through the aquifer and resurface through springs and wells.
Aquifers must be both permeable and porous and include such rock types as sandstone, conglomerate, fractured limestone and unconsolidated sand and gravel. Fractured volcanic rocks such as columnar basalts also make good aquifers.
Statement 2 is correct. An artesian well is simply a well that doesn’t require a pump to bring water to the surface. This occurs when there is enough positive pressure in the aquifer to bring the water to the surface.
Groundwater in aquifers between layers of poorly permeable rock, such as clay or shale, may be confined under pressure. If such a confined aquifer is tapped by a well, water will rise above the top of the aquifer and may even flow from the well onto the land surface. Water confined in this way is said to be under artesian pressure, and the aquifer is called an artesian aquifer.
# A Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) was signed recently between Central Ground Water Board and CSIR-NGRI, Hyderabad for geophysical survey and other scientific studies in North-Western India under the Aquifer Mapping Programme. - Question 12 of 23
12. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the height of Mount Everest:
1.Survey of India has declared a three feet increase in the height of Mount Everest since last assessment.
2.China and Nepal in collaboration have estimated a decrease in the height of the mountain.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Both statements are incorrect.
Recently the Foreign Ministers of Nepal and China jointly certified the elevation of Mount Everest at 8,848.86 metres above sea level — 86 cm higher than what was recognised since 1954.
The elevation of 8,848 m was determined by Survey of India in 1954. In 1999, a US team put the elevation at 29,035 feet (nearly 8,850 m). This survey was sponsored by the National Geographic Society, US.Incorrect
Both statements are incorrect.
Recently the Foreign Ministers of Nepal and China jointly certified the elevation of Mount Everest at 8,848.86 metres above sea level — 86 cm higher than what was recognised since 1954.
The elevation of 8,848 m was determined by Survey of India in 1954. In 1999, a US team put the elevation at 29,035 feet (nearly 8,850 m). This survey was sponsored by the National Geographic Society, US. - Question 13 of 23
13. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following is/are correctly matched?
Mountain/Hill Range : Continent
1. Atlas Mountain Range : Africa
2. New England Range : Australia
3. Cantabrian Mountain : Europe
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Atlas Mountain Range: The Atlas Mountains are a mountain chain located in
North Africa.
•The Atlas mountain chain stretches across North Africa through Algeria, Tunisia,
and Morocco.
•The mountains formed over millions of years, gaining their present-day shape when
the African continent collided with the Iberian peninsula, in what is known as
a convergent plate boundary.
•Because of their extensive range, the Atlas Mountains are divided into seven
different sub-regions, each with their own unique ecosystem.
•Overall, however, the Atlas can be categorized as a semi-arid mountain range
between the tropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean/Mediterranean and the
massive Sahara Desert.
•The highest mountain in the Atlas is Mount Toubkal. Mount Toubkal measures
nearly 14,000 feet, and is located in southwestern Morocco.
New England Range: New England Range, also called New England Tableland, or Northern
Tableland, section of the Eastern Highlands, or Great Dividing Range, northeastern New
South Wales, Australia.
•The range extends 200 mi (320 km) north from the Moonbi Range (near Tamworth)
to the Queensland border and 80 mi from east to west (10–50 mi inland from the
coast).
•It is Australia’s largest plateau, having 9,000 sq mi (23,000 sq km) above an
elevation of 3,000 ft (900 m).
Cantabrian Mountain: The Cantabrian Mountains or Cantabrian Range are one of the
main systems of mountain ranges in Spain. They stretch for over 300 km across northern
Spain, from the western limit of the Pyrenees to the Galician Massif in Galicia, along the
coast of the Cantabrian Sea. Their easternmost end meets the Sistema Ibérico.Incorrect
Atlas Mountain Range: The Atlas Mountains are a mountain chain located in
North Africa.
•The Atlas mountain chain stretches across North Africa through Algeria, Tunisia,
and Morocco.
•The mountains formed over millions of years, gaining their present-day shape when
the African continent collided with the Iberian peninsula, in what is known as
a convergent plate boundary.
•Because of their extensive range, the Atlas Mountains are divided into seven
different sub-regions, each with their own unique ecosystem.
•Overall, however, the Atlas can be categorized as a semi-arid mountain range
between the tropical waters of the Atlantic Ocean/Mediterranean and the
massive Sahara Desert.
•The highest mountain in the Atlas is Mount Toubkal. Mount Toubkal measures
nearly 14,000 feet, and is located in southwestern Morocco.
New England Range: New England Range, also called New England Tableland, or Northern
Tableland, section of the Eastern Highlands, or Great Dividing Range, northeastern New
South Wales, Australia.
•The range extends 200 mi (320 km) north from the Moonbi Range (near Tamworth)
to the Queensland border and 80 mi from east to west (10–50 mi inland from the
coast).
•It is Australia’s largest plateau, having 9,000 sq mi (23,000 sq km) above an
elevation of 3,000 ft (900 m).
Cantabrian Mountain: The Cantabrian Mountains or Cantabrian Range are one of the
main systems of mountain ranges in Spain. They stretch for over 300 km across northern
Spain, from the western limit of the Pyrenees to the Galician Massif in Galicia, along the
coast of the Cantabrian Sea. Their easternmost end meets the Sistema Ibérico. - Question 14 of 23
14. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following are examples of Fold Mountains?
1. Himalayas
2. Rockies
3. Alps
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Fold Mountains are created through a process called orogeny. An orogenic
event takes millions of years to create a fold mountain.
•When a tectonic plate gets pressure from two sides, it gets folded. Some of its
portion becomes elevated and forms the mountains.
•The depressions form the valleys. The Himalayas, the Rockies, the Andes and the
Alps are examples of Fold Mountain.
•They are the young mountains of the world and hence they have some of the highest
peaks of the world.Incorrect
Fold Mountains are created through a process called orogeny. An orogenic
event takes millions of years to create a fold mountain.
•When a tectonic plate gets pressure from two sides, it gets folded. Some of its
portion becomes elevated and forms the mountains.
•The depressions form the valleys. The Himalayas, the Rockies, the Andes and the
Alps are examples of Fold Mountain.
•They are the young mountains of the world and hence they have some of the highest
peaks of the world. - Question 15 of 23
15. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the Caldera:
1. It is a large depression formed when a volcano erupts and collapses.
2. Crater Lake is an example of Caldera
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
A caldera is a large depression formed when a volcano erupts and
collapses.
•During a volcanic eruption, magma present in the magma chamber underneath the
volcano is expelled, often forcefully.
•When the magma chamber empties, the support that the magma had provided
inside the chamber disappears.
•As a result, the sides and top of the volcano collapse inward. Calderas vary in size
from one to 100 kilometers (0.62 to 62 miles) in diameter.
•Some calderas form a lake as the bowl-shaped depression fills with water. A famous
example is Crater Lake, in Oregon.
•This caldera formed about 7,000 years ago when a stratovolcano, Mt. Mazama,
violently erupted.
•For several thousand years after this eruption, smaller volcanic eruptions continued
inside the caldera.
•One of these eruptions was so large it formed an island in Crater Lake named
Wizard Island.Incorrect
A caldera is a large depression formed when a volcano erupts and
collapses.
•During a volcanic eruption, magma present in the magma chamber underneath the
volcano is expelled, often forcefully.
•When the magma chamber empties, the support that the magma had provided
inside the chamber disappears.
•As a result, the sides and top of the volcano collapse inward. Calderas vary in size
from one to 100 kilometers (0.62 to 62 miles) in diameter.
•Some calderas form a lake as the bowl-shaped depression fills with water. A famous
example is Crater Lake, in Oregon.
•This caldera formed about 7,000 years ago when a stratovolcano, Mt. Mazama,
violently erupted.
•For several thousand years after this eruption, smaller volcanic eruptions continued
inside the caldera.
•One of these eruptions was so large it formed an island in Crater Lake named
Wizard Island. - Question 16 of 23
16. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentArrange the following zones in North to South direction:
1. Indus–Tsangpo suture zone (ITSZ)
2. Main Boundary Thrust (MBT)
3. Main Central Thrust (MCT)
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Indus Tsangpo suture is a tectonic suture in southern Tibet and across the
north margin of the Himalayas which resulted from the collision between the Indian plate
and the Eurasian plate.
Himalayas are known to be made up of north dipping thrusts like the Main Central
Thrust (MCT), the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT), and the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT).
As per the established models, all of these thrusts except MFT are locked, and overall
deformation in Himalaya is being accommodated only along with the MFT.
Recently, a group of Scientists from Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology (WIHG),
Dehradun have observed that suture zone of the Himalayas or the Indus Suture Zone (ISZ) in the Ladakh region where Indian and Asian Plates are joined has been found to be
tectonically active, as against current understanding that it is a locked zone.Incorrect
Indus Tsangpo suture is a tectonic suture in southern Tibet and across the
north margin of the Himalayas which resulted from the collision between the Indian plate
and the Eurasian plate.
Himalayas are known to be made up of north dipping thrusts like the Main Central
Thrust (MCT), the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT), and the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT).
As per the established models, all of these thrusts except MFT are locked, and overall
deformation in Himalaya is being accommodated only along with the MFT.
Recently, a group of Scientists from Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology (WIHG),
Dehradun have observed that suture zone of the Himalayas or the Indus Suture Zone (ISZ) in the Ladakh region where Indian and Asian Plates are joined has been found to be
tectonically active, as against current understanding that it is a locked zone. - Question 17 of 23
17. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe “Nazca tectonic plate” is related to which of the following?
Correct
The Nazca plate is an oceanic tectonic plate in the southeastern Pacific Ocean that shares both convergent and divergent boundaries, corners multiple triple junctions, contains three seamount chains, overrides four hotspots, and is responsible for the creation of the Andean orogeny.
• Over the last half-century, it has garnered much attention from the scientific and political community due to the hazards it poses to the populated west coast of South America.
• With oblique subduction underneath the South American plate, this active convergent margin is the longest subduction zone in the world, stretching 7500 km and produced the largest earthquake ever recorded on earth, the M 9.5 Valdivia earthquake.Incorrect
The Nazca plate is an oceanic tectonic plate in the southeastern Pacific Ocean that shares both convergent and divergent boundaries, corners multiple triple junctions, contains three seamount chains, overrides four hotspots, and is responsible for the creation of the Andean orogeny.
• Over the last half-century, it has garnered much attention from the scientific and political community due to the hazards it poses to the populated west coast of South America.
• With oblique subduction underneath the South American plate, this active convergent margin is the longest subduction zone in the world, stretching 7500 km and produced the largest earthquake ever recorded on earth, the M 9.5 Valdivia earthquake. - Question 18 of 23
18. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the earthquake waves:
1. P-waves move faster and are the first to arrive at the surface.
2. P waves travel through solid only.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Earthquake waves are basically of two types — body waves and surface waves. Body waves are generated due to the release of energy at the focus and move in all directions travelling through the body of the earth. Hence, the name body waves.
• The body waves interact with the surface rocks and generate new set of waves called surface waves. These waves move along the surface.
• The velocity of waves changes as they travel through materials with different densities. The denser the material, the higher is the velocity.
• Their direction also changes as they reflect or refract when coming across materials with different densities.
• There are two types of body waves. They are called P and S-waves. P-waves move faster and are the first to arrive at the surface. These are also called ‘primary waves’.
• The P-waves are similar to sound waves. They travel through gaseous, liquid and solid materials.
• S-waves arrive at the surface with some time lag. These are called secondary waves. An important fact about S-waves is that they can travel only through solid materials.Incorrect
Earthquake waves are basically of two types — body waves and surface waves. Body waves are generated due to the release of energy at the focus and move in all directions travelling through the body of the earth. Hence, the name body waves.
• The body waves interact with the surface rocks and generate new set of waves called surface waves. These waves move along the surface.
• The velocity of waves changes as they travel through materials with different densities. The denser the material, the higher is the velocity.
• Their direction also changes as they reflect or refract when coming across materials with different densities.
• There are two types of body waves. They are called P and S-waves. P-waves move faster and are the first to arrive at the surface. These are also called ‘primary waves’.
• The P-waves are similar to sound waves. They travel through gaseous, liquid and solid materials.
• S-waves arrive at the surface with some time lag. These are called secondary waves. An important fact about S-waves is that they can travel only through solid materials. - Question 19 of 23
19. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following pair (s) is/are correctly matched?
Peak hills/Range
- Anai Mudi : Cardamom Hills
- Doda Beta : Nilgiri Hills
- Guru Shikhar : Aravalis
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
Anamudi is a mountain located in the Indian state of Kerala.
It is the highest peak in the Western Ghats and South India, at an elevation of 2,695 metres.
Its parental hills are Anaimalai hills.
Doda beta is the highest peak of nilgiri hills while Guru Shikhar is the highest peak of Aravali Range located in Rajasthan.
Incorrect
Anamudi is a mountain located in the Indian state of Kerala.
It is the highest peak in the Western Ghats and South India, at an elevation of 2,695 metres.
Its parental hills are Anaimalai hills.
Doda beta is the highest peak of nilgiri hills while Guru Shikhar is the highest peak of Aravali Range located in Rajasthan.
- Question 20 of 23
20. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe White Island Volcano, sometimes seen in news is located in which of the following country?
Correct
The White Island Volcano, also called Whakaari, in New Zealand has recently erupted.
White Island is New Zealand’s most active cone volcano.
About 70% of the volcano lies under the sea.
It is the country’s most active volcano situated in the east coast in the Bay of Plenty.
Incorrect
The White Island Volcano, also called Whakaari, in New Zealand has recently erupted.
White Island is New Zealand’s most active cone volcano.
About 70% of the volcano lies under the sea.
It is the country’s most active volcano situated in the east coast in the Bay of Plenty.
- Question 21 of 23
21. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhere is the Spalte Glacier located?
Correct
Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden or 79N is roughly 80km long by 20km wide and is the floating front end of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream – where it flows off the land into the ocean to become buoyant.
At its leading edge, the glacier splits in two, with a minor offshoot turning directly north. It’s this offshoot, or tributary, called Spalte Glacier, that has now disintegrated.
The ice feature was already heavily fractured in 2019; this summer’s warmth has been its final undoing. Spalte Glacier has become a flotilla of icebergs.
Incorrect
Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden or 79N is roughly 80km long by 20km wide and is the floating front end of the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream – where it flows off the land into the ocean to become buoyant.
At its leading edge, the glacier splits in two, with a minor offshoot turning directly north. It’s this offshoot, or tributary, called Spalte Glacier, that has now disintegrated.
The ice feature was already heavily fractured in 2019; this summer’s warmth has been its final undoing. Spalte Glacier has become a flotilla of icebergs.
- Question 22 of 23
22. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe term “bog-bursts” is related to which of the following?
Correct
When the soil is completely saturated with water the individual particles are
almost suspended in the water and move easily over one another and over the underlying
rock. The soil acts like a liquid and a soil-flow occurs.
In areas of peat soils, the peat absorbs much moisture. However if saturation point is
reached the peaty soil may flow down-slope. In Ireland such flows are known as bogbursts.
Incorrect
When the soil is completely saturated with water the individual particles are
almost suspended in the water and move easily over one another and over the underlying
rock. The soil acts like a liquid and a soil-flow occurs.
In areas of peat soils, the peat absorbs much moisture. However if saturation point is
reached the peaty soil may flow down-slope. In Ireland such flows are known as bogbursts.
- Question 23 of 23
23. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe Placer deposits of India mostly/highly located at which of the following?
Correct
The costal land forms of east and west coasts of the Nation contain significantly important placer mineral deposits.
The minerals like ilmenite, rutile, garnet, zircon, monazite and sillimanite are occurring in these deposits.
The controls like source rock geology, coastal geomorphology effective drainage network and favorable climatic conditions favored the formation of rich placer deposits in coastal environments.
Important deposits occur in the coastal environments of Kerala (Chavara), Tamil Nadu (Manavalakurichi, Midalam, Vayakallur), Andhra Pradesh (Kakinada, Pentakota, Bhimunipatnam, Konada – Kandivalasa – Mukumpeta – Bendi creek – Donkar), (Sanaekasangi – Gopalpur, Chatrapur, Bajarkot, Satpara and Puri) and Maharastra (Kalbadevi, Newre and Malgund).
Incorrect
The costal land forms of east and west coasts of the Nation contain significantly important placer mineral deposits.
The minerals like ilmenite, rutile, garnet, zircon, monazite and sillimanite are occurring in these deposits.
The controls like source rock geology, coastal geomorphology effective drainage network and favorable climatic conditions favored the formation of rich placer deposits in coastal environments.
Important deposits occur in the coastal environments of Kerala (Chavara), Tamil Nadu (Manavalakurichi, Midalam, Vayakallur), Andhra Pradesh (Kakinada, Pentakota, Bhimunipatnam, Konada – Kandivalasa – Mukumpeta – Bendi creek – Donkar), (Sanaekasangi – Gopalpur, Chatrapur, Bajarkot, Satpara and Puri) and Maharastra (Kalbadevi, Newre and Malgund).
Bio geography
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- Question 1 of 9
1. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following statements correctly defines the M-Sand?
Correct
M-Sand (Manufacured) is sand produced by crushing rocks, quarry stones or larger aggregates pieces into sand-sized particles. It is used for construction purposes in cement or concrete.
M-sand differs from natural river sand in its physical and mineralogical properties.
To bar the unregulated sale of sub-standard M-sand, Tamil Nadu government is to implement a policy with a legal framework for itsproduction and sale.Incorrect
M-Sand (Manufacured) is sand produced by crushing rocks, quarry stones or larger aggregates pieces into sand-sized particles. It is used for construction purposes in cement or concrete.
M-sand differs from natural river sand in its physical and mineralogical properties.
To bar the unregulated sale of sub-standard M-sand, Tamil Nadu government is to implement a policy with a legal framework for itsproduction and sale. - Question 2 of 9
2. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the ‘yellow dust’ blowing from China recently:
1.It is the sand from Thar Desert that blows into North and South Korea through China.
2.World Health Organisation has issued advisory warning the spread of SARS-CoV-2 through this dust.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Statement 1 is incorrect. Yellow dust refers to sand from Mongolian and Chinese deserts that blow into North and South Korea at certain times of the year. It is intermingled with toxic dust that for years has raised health concerns in both countries.
Statement 2 is incorrect. WHO has not issued any such advisory.
North Korea has though warned its citizens to stay indoors over fears that “yellow dust” which blows in from China could bring coronavirus with it.
# The US Centres for Disease Control has said coronavirus can remain suspended in the air “for hours”. However, it also says it is extremely rare for someone to be infected this way – especially outdoors. The main way people get infected is from standing in close proximity to someone who is infected who then coughs, sneezes or talks, spreading the virus through droplets.Incorrect
Statement 1 is incorrect. Yellow dust refers to sand from Mongolian and Chinese deserts that blow into North and South Korea at certain times of the year. It is intermingled with toxic dust that for years has raised health concerns in both countries.
Statement 2 is incorrect. WHO has not issued any such advisory.
North Korea has though warned its citizens to stay indoors over fears that “yellow dust” which blows in from China could bring coronavirus with it.
# The US Centres for Disease Control has said coronavirus can remain suspended in the air “for hours”. However, it also says it is extremely rare for someone to be infected this way – especially outdoors. The main way people get infected is from standing in close proximity to someone who is infected who then coughs, sneezes or talks, spreading the virus through droplets. - Question 3 of 9
3. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following statements is/are correct about “Red Soils” in India?
1. Red soils develops on old crystalline rocks.
2. Red soils differ from place to place on the basis of the parental rock material and climatic
conditions.
3. Rich in minerals like potassium and Phosphorus.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Red soils.
Statement 1 is correct: Red soil develops on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low
rainfall in the eastern and southern part of the Deccan Plateau. Along the piedmont zone of
the Western Ghat, long stretch of area is occupied by red loamy soil. Yellow and red soils
are also found in parts of Odisha and Chattisgarh and in the southern parts of the middle
Ganga plain.
Statement 2 is correct: The soil develops a reddish colour due to a wide diffusion of iron
in crystalline and metamorphic rocks. It looks yellow when it occurs in a hydrated form.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The fine-grained red and yellow soils are normally fertile,
whereas coarse-grained soils found in dry upland areas are poor in fertility. They are
generally poor in nitrogen, phosphorous, Potassium and humus.Incorrect
Red soils.
Statement 1 is correct: Red soil develops on crystalline igneous rocks in areas of low
rainfall in the eastern and southern part of the Deccan Plateau. Along the piedmont zone of
the Western Ghat, long stretch of area is occupied by red loamy soil. Yellow and red soils
are also found in parts of Odisha and Chattisgarh and in the southern parts of the middle
Ganga plain.
Statement 2 is correct: The soil develops a reddish colour due to a wide diffusion of iron
in crystalline and metamorphic rocks. It looks yellow when it occurs in a hydrated form.
Statement 3 is incorrect: The fine-grained red and yellow soils are normally fertile,
whereas coarse-grained soils found in dry upland areas are poor in fertility. They are
generally poor in nitrogen, phosphorous, Potassium and humus. - Question 4 of 9
4. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the Aridisols:
1. Aridisols are soils that are composed mainly of organic materials.
2. These soils occupy nearly 19 per cent of the earth’s land surface.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Aridisols are largest single soil order occurs in dry regions of the world.
•These soils occupy nearly 19 per cent of the earth’s land surface.
•Pale and light near the surface, deficit in moisture.
•These soils are lack in organic matter.
•Salinisation is the main problem of these soils.
•Salinisation complicates farming in Aridisols.Incorrect
Aridisols are largest single soil order occurs in dry regions of the world.
•These soils occupy nearly 19 per cent of the earth’s land surface.
•Pale and light near the surface, deficit in moisture.
•These soils are lack in organic matter.
•Salinisation is the main problem of these soils.
•Salinisation complicates farming in Aridisols. - Question 5 of 9
5. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the Black Soils in India:
1. It covers 20% of the total geographical area of the country.
2. It is also called as self-ploughing soil.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Geographically, black soils are spread over 5.46 lakh sq km (i.e. 16.6 per
cent of the total geographical area of the country) encompassed between 15°N to 25°N
latitudes and 72°E to 82°E longitudes.
•This is the region of high temperature and low rainfall. It is, therefore, a soil group of
the dry and hot regions of the Peninsula.
•These soils are mainly found in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, parts of Karnataka,
Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.
•The black colour of this soil may even be derived from crystalline schists and basic
gneisses such as in Tamil Nadu and parts of Andhra Pradesh.
•The black soil is very retentive of moisture. It swells greatly and becomes sticky
when wet in rainy season. Under such conditions, it is almost impossible to work on
such soil because the plough gets stuck in the mud.
•However, in the hot dry season, the moisture evaporates, the soil shrinks and is
seamed with broad and deep cracks, often 10 to 15 cm wide and upto a meter deep.
This permits oxygenation of the soil to sufficient depths and the soil has
extraordinary fertility.
•Remarkably “self ploughed” by loosened particles fallen from the ground into the
cracks, the soil “swallows” itself and retains soil moisture. This soil has been used
for growing a variety of crops for centuries without adding fertilizers and manures,
or even fallowing with little or no evidence of exhaustion.
•Because of their high fertility and retentivity of moisture, the black soils are widely
used for producing several important crops.
•Some of the major crops grown on the black soils are cotton, wheat, jowar, linseed,
Virginia tobacco, castor, sunflower and millets.
•Rice and sugarcane are equally important where irrigation facilities are available.
Large varieties of vegetables and fruits are also successfully grown on the black
soils.Incorrect
Geographically, black soils are spread over 5.46 lakh sq km (i.e. 16.6 per
cent of the total geographical area of the country) encompassed between 15°N to 25°N
latitudes and 72°E to 82°E longitudes.
•This is the region of high temperature and low rainfall. It is, therefore, a soil group of
the dry and hot regions of the Peninsula.
•These soils are mainly found in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, parts of Karnataka,
Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat and Tamil Nadu.
•The black colour of this soil may even be derived from crystalline schists and basic
gneisses such as in Tamil Nadu and parts of Andhra Pradesh.
•The black soil is very retentive of moisture. It swells greatly and becomes sticky
when wet in rainy season. Under such conditions, it is almost impossible to work on
such soil because the plough gets stuck in the mud.
•However, in the hot dry season, the moisture evaporates, the soil shrinks and is
seamed with broad and deep cracks, often 10 to 15 cm wide and upto a meter deep.
This permits oxygenation of the soil to sufficient depths and the soil has
extraordinary fertility.
•Remarkably “self ploughed” by loosened particles fallen from the ground into the
cracks, the soil “swallows” itself and retains soil moisture. This soil has been used
for growing a variety of crops for centuries without adding fertilizers and manures,
or even fallowing with little or no evidence of exhaustion.
•Because of their high fertility and retentivity of moisture, the black soils are widely
used for producing several important crops.
•Some of the major crops grown on the black soils are cotton, wheat, jowar, linseed,
Virginia tobacco, castor, sunflower and millets.
•Rice and sugarcane are equally important where irrigation facilities are available.
Large varieties of vegetables and fruits are also successfully grown on the black
soils. - Question 6 of 9
6. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following Soils is/are NOT Zonal Soil?
1. Alluvial Soils
2. Red Soils
3. Black Soils
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:Correct
The Soils can be classified on the basis of dominating factors:
Zonal Soil – These soils occur in broad geographical areas or zones.
• They are influenced more by the climate and vegetation of the area rather than the rock-type.
• They are mature, as a result of stable conditions over a long period of time.
• For example – red soils, black soils, laterite soils, desert soils etc.Azonal Soil – It is that soil which has been developed by the process of deposition by the agents of erosion.
• It means that it has been made by the fine rocky particles transported from the far-off regions.
• These are immature soils and lack well-developed soil profiles.
• This may be due to the non-availability of sufficient time for them to develop fully or due to the location on very steep slopes which prohibits profile development.
• For Example – alluvial and loess soils.Intrazonal Soil – These soils occur within other zonal soils.
• It is a well-developed soil reflecting the influence of some local factor of relief, parent material, or age rather than of climate and vegetation.
• For example, calcareous soil (soils which develop from limestone), peat soil.Incorrect
The Soils can be classified on the basis of dominating factors:
Zonal Soil – These soils occur in broad geographical areas or zones.
• They are influenced more by the climate and vegetation of the area rather than the rock-type.
• They are mature, as a result of stable conditions over a long period of time.
• For example – red soils, black soils, laterite soils, desert soils etc.Azonal Soil – It is that soil which has been developed by the process of deposition by the agents of erosion.
• It means that it has been made by the fine rocky particles transported from the far-off regions.
• These are immature soils and lack well-developed soil profiles.
• This may be due to the non-availability of sufficient time for them to develop fully or due to the location on very steep slopes which prohibits profile development.
• For Example – alluvial and loess soils.Intrazonal Soil – These soils occur within other zonal soils.
• It is a well-developed soil reflecting the influence of some local factor of relief, parent material, or age rather than of climate and vegetation.
• For example, calcareous soil (soils which develop from limestone), peat soil. - Question 7 of 9
7. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe “Latosols” are predominantly found in which of the following areas?
Correct
Latosols are soils found under tropical rainforests which have a relatively high content of iron and aluminum oxides. They are typically classified as oxisols or ferralsols
Incorrect
Latosols are soils found under tropical rainforests which have a relatively high content of iron and aluminum oxides. They are typically classified as oxisols or ferralsols
- Question 8 of 9
8. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following national park area is formed entirely by alluvial deposits?
Correct
Assam is traditionally flood prone, and the 1,055 sq km KNPTR — sandwiched between the Brahmaputra River and the Karbi Anglong Hills — is no exception.
Among experts there is a consensus that floods are necessary for Kaziranga by virtue of its ecosystem.
“It is a riverine ecosystem, not a solid landmass-based ecosystem,” said by Director, KNPTR, “The system won’t survive without water.”
The entire area of Kaziranga — formed by alluvial deposits from the Brahmaputra and its tributaries — is centred around the river.
Incorrect
Assam is traditionally flood prone, and the 1,055 sq km KNPTR — sandwiched between the Brahmaputra River and the Karbi Anglong Hills — is no exception.
Among experts there is a consensus that floods are necessary for Kaziranga by virtue of its ecosystem.
“It is a riverine ecosystem, not a solid landmass-based ecosystem,” said by Director, KNPTR, “The system won’t survive without water.”
The entire area of Kaziranga — formed by alluvial deposits from the Brahmaputra and its tributaries — is centred around the river.
- Question 9 of 9
9. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentIn the below given figure, red colour represents which of the following soil type in India?
Correct
Lateritic is a soil and rock type rich in iron and aluminum and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas.
Nearly all lateritics are of rusty-red coloration, because of high iron oxide content.
They develop by intensive and prolonged weathering of the underlying parent rock.
The lateritic soils are commonly found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh and the hilly areas of Orissa and Assam.
Incorrect
Lateritic is a soil and rock type rich in iron and aluminum and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas.
Nearly all lateritics are of rusty-red coloration, because of high iron oxide content.
They develop by intensive and prolonged weathering of the underlying parent rock.
The lateritic soils are commonly found in Karnataka, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh and the hilly areas of Orissa and Assam.
Drainage System and other water forms
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- Question 1 of 25
1. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe Galwan River is a tributary of which of the following river?
Correct
The Galwan valley is the land that sits between steep mountains that buffet the Galwan River. The river has its source in Aksai Chin, on China’s side of the LAC, and it flows from the east to Ladakh, where it meets the Shyok River on India’s side of the LAC.
Incorrect
The Galwan valley is the land that sits between steep mountains that buffet the Galwan River. The river has its source in Aksai Chin, on China’s side of the LAC, and it flows from the east to Ladakh, where it meets the Shyok River on India’s side of the LAC.
- Question 2 of 25
2. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the Kosi River:
1. It flows through China and Bhutan before entering India.
2. It meets Ganga River on the left bank.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Statement 1 is incorrect. Kosi River drains the northern slopes of the Himalayas in the Tibet Autonomous Region and the southern slopes in Nepal before entering India.
It is also known as Saptakoshi for its seven upper tributaries. These include the Tamur Koshi, Arun River and Sun Koshi. The Sun Koshi’s tributaries from east to west are Dudh Koshi, Bhote Koshi, Tamba Koshi and Indravati Koshi.
Statement 2 is correct. The Saptakoshi crosses into northern Bihar where it branches into distributaries before joining the Ganges near Kursela in Katihar district.Incorrect
Statement 1 is incorrect. Kosi River drains the northern slopes of the Himalayas in the Tibet Autonomous Region and the southern slopes in Nepal before entering India.
It is also known as Saptakoshi for its seven upper tributaries. These include the Tamur Koshi, Arun River and Sun Koshi. The Sun Koshi’s tributaries from east to west are Dudh Koshi, Bhote Koshi, Tamba Koshi and Indravati Koshi.
Statement 2 is correct. The Saptakoshi crosses into northern Bihar where it branches into distributaries before joining the Ganges near Kursela in Katihar district. - Question 3 of 25
3. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe Mekedatu Balancing Reservoir is proposed across which of the following river?
Correct
Mekedatu Balancing Reservoir is a proposed gravity dam across Cauvery River in Karnataka. It aims to store 67 tmc water, a part of which will be pumped to Bengaluru and Kanakapura.
The project is estimated to submerge parts of Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary and adjoining reserve forests.
Tamil Nadu has been opposing the project claiming that it violates the decisions of the Supreme Court and the Cauvery Tribunal.Incorrect
Mekedatu Balancing Reservoir is a proposed gravity dam across Cauvery River in Karnataka. It aims to store 67 tmc water, a part of which will be pumped to Bengaluru and Kanakapura.
The project is estimated to submerge parts of Cauvery Wildlife Sanctuary and adjoining reserve forests.
Tamil Nadu has been opposing the project claiming that it violates the decisions of the Supreme Court and the Cauvery Tribunal. - Question 4 of 25
4. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhere is Luhri Hydro Power Project located?
Correct
The Luhri Stage Hydro Electric Project is located on river Satluj in Shimla & Kullu districts of Himachal Pradesh.
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs chaired by Prime Minister has approved the investment of Rs.1810.56 crore for 210 MW Luhri Stage-I Hydro Electric Project. This project will generate 758.20 million units of electricity annually.
This project is being implemented by Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam Limited (SJVNL) on Build-Own-Operate-Maintain (BOOM) basis with active support from Government of India and State Government.Incorrect
The Luhri Stage Hydro Electric Project is located on river Satluj in Shimla & Kullu districts of Himachal Pradesh.
The Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs chaired by Prime Minister has approved the investment of Rs.1810.56 crore for 210 MW Luhri Stage-I Hydro Electric Project. This project will generate 758.20 million units of electricity annually.
This project is being implemented by Satluj Jal Vidyut Nigam Limited (SJVNL) on Build-Own-Operate-Maintain (BOOM) basis with active support from Government of India and State Government. - Question 5 of 25
5. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following river flows through Himachal Pradesh?
1. Chenab
2. Ravi
3. Satluj
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Himachal Pradesh topography provides water to both the Indus and Ganges basins. The drainage systems of the region include the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas, the Sutlej and the Yamuna River. These rivers are perennial and are fed by snow and rainfall.
Incorrect
Himachal Pradesh topography provides water to both the Indus and Ganges basins. The drainage systems of the region include the Chenab, the Ravi, the Beas, the Sutlej and the Yamuna River. These rivers are perennial and are fed by snow and rainfall.
- Question 6 of 25
6. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the Teesta River:
1. It is a left bank tributary of the Ganga River.
2. It originates in Nepal and flows to Bangladesh through India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
Both statements are incorrect.
The Teesta River originates from the Pahunri (or Teesta Kangse) glacier above 7,068 m, and flows southward through gorges and rapids in the Sikkim Himalaya.
The river then flows past the town of Rangpo where the Rangpo River joins, and where it forms the border between Sikkim and West Bengal up to Teesta Bazaar. Just before the Teesta Bridge, where the roads from Kalimpong and Darjeeling join, the river is met by its main tributary, the Rangeet River.
Teesta River ultimately drains into Brahmaputra (Jamuna) at Teestamukh Ghat in Kamarjani- Bahadurabad in Rangpur district of Bangladesh.Incorrect
Both statements are incorrect.
The Teesta River originates from the Pahunri (or Teesta Kangse) glacier above 7,068 m, and flows southward through gorges and rapids in the Sikkim Himalaya.
The river then flows past the town of Rangpo where the Rangpo River joins, and where it forms the border between Sikkim and West Bengal up to Teesta Bazaar. Just before the Teesta Bridge, where the roads from Kalimpong and Darjeeling join, the river is met by its main tributary, the Rangeet River.
Teesta River ultimately drains into Brahmaputra (Jamuna) at Teestamukh Ghat in Kamarjani- Bahadurabad in Rangpur district of Bangladesh. - Question 7 of 25
7. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following Dam(s) is/are correctly matched to the respective River(s)?
1. Srisailam Dam – Krishna River
2. Jawahar Sagar Dam – Chambal River
3. Salal Dam – Jhelum River
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Option 1 is correctly matched. The Srisailam Dam is constructed across the Krishna River in Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh
Option 2 is correctly matched. The Jawahar Sagar Dam is the third dam (after Gandhi Sagar Dam and Rana Pratap Sagar Dam) in the series of Chambal Valley Projects on the Chambal River,
Option 3 is incorrectly matched. The Salal Dam is a run-of-the-river hydropower project on the Chenab River in the Reasi district of the Jammu and Kashmir. It was the first hydropower project built by India in Jammu and Kashmir under the Indus Water Treaty regime.Incorrect
Option 1 is correctly matched. The Srisailam Dam is constructed across the Krishna River in Kurnool district, Andhra Pradesh
Option 2 is correctly matched. The Jawahar Sagar Dam is the third dam (after Gandhi Sagar Dam and Rana Pratap Sagar Dam) in the series of Chambal Valley Projects on the Chambal River,
Option 3 is incorrectly matched. The Salal Dam is a run-of-the-river hydropower project on the Chenab River in the Reasi district of the Jammu and Kashmir. It was the first hydropower project built by India in Jammu and Kashmir under the Indus Water Treaty regime. - Question 8 of 25
8. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe Brahmaputra River flows through which of the following region(s)?
1. Bhutan
2. Nepal
3. China
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
The Brahmaputra River; Bengali Jamuna, Tibetan Tsangpo, Chinese Yarlung Zangbo Jianga; along its course passes through the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, the Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh and Assam, and Bangladesh.
# China’s media reported recently that authorities have given the go ahead for a Chinese hydropower company to construct the first downstream dam on the lower reaches of the Brahmaputra river.
Incorrect
The Brahmaputra River; Bengali Jamuna, Tibetan Tsangpo, Chinese Yarlung Zangbo Jianga; along its course passes through the Tibet Autonomous Region of China, the Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh and Assam, and Bangladesh.
# China’s media reported recently that authorities have given the go ahead for a Chinese hydropower company to construct the first downstream dam on the lower reaches of the Brahmaputra river.
- Question 9 of 25
9. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following is/are tributaries of the Yamuna River?
1. Tons River
2. Giri River
3. Hindon River
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
The Yamuna River originates from the Yamunotri Glacier near Banderpoonch peaks in the Mussourie range of the lower Himalayas at an elevation of about 6,387 meters above the mean sea level in district Uttarkashi (Uttarakhand).
The important tributaries of the Yamuna River are the Tons, the Chambal, the Hindon, the Sarda, the Betwa and the Ken. Smaller tributaries of the Yamuna River include Rishiganga, the Uma, the Hanuman Ganga, the Giri, the Karan, the Sagar and the Rind.
The main Yamuna and Tons are fed by glaciers, viz., the Bandar Punch Glacier and its branches and originate from the Great Himalayan range.
# CPCB monitors water quality of River Yamuna and drains discharging into the River.
CPCB has issued directions to Delhi Jal Board to submit time bound action plan to ensure compliance to norms by STPs and that no untreated sewage is discharged to these drains.Incorrect
The Yamuna River originates from the Yamunotri Glacier near Banderpoonch peaks in the Mussourie range of the lower Himalayas at an elevation of about 6,387 meters above the mean sea level in district Uttarkashi (Uttarakhand).
The important tributaries of the Yamuna River are the Tons, the Chambal, the Hindon, the Sarda, the Betwa and the Ken. Smaller tributaries of the Yamuna River include Rishiganga, the Uma, the Hanuman Ganga, the Giri, the Karan, the Sagar and the Rind.
The main Yamuna and Tons are fed by glaciers, viz., the Bandar Punch Glacier and its branches and originate from the Great Himalayan range.
# CPCB monitors water quality of River Yamuna and drains discharging into the River.
CPCB has issued directions to Delhi Jal Board to submit time bound action plan to ensure compliance to norms by STPs and that no untreated sewage is discharged to these drains. - Question 10 of 25
10. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following river(s) is/are tributary of the Brahmaputra RIver?
1. Kameng River
2. Subansari River
3. Kopili River
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Brahmaputa River originates from Kailash ranges of Himalayas at an elevation of about 5150 m and flows for about 2900 km through Tibet (China), India and Bangladesh and joins the Ganga. The river Brahmaputra receives a number of tributaries at its north and south banks, in the catchment area in India.
# China has announced that it is planning to build a major hydropower project as a part of its 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25), on the Yarlung Zangbo River (upper stream of the Brahmputra) in Tibet.
Incorrect
Brahmaputa River originates from Kailash ranges of Himalayas at an elevation of about 5150 m and flows for about 2900 km through Tibet (China), India and Bangladesh and joins the Ganga. The river Brahmaputra receives a number of tributaries at its north and south banks, in the catchment area in India.
# China has announced that it is planning to build a major hydropower project as a part of its 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-25), on the Yarlung Zangbo River (upper stream of the Brahmputra) in Tibet.
- Question 11 of 25
11. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe Kushiyara River is a trans-boundary river between India and which of the following country?
Correct
The Kushiyara River is a distributary river in Bangladesh and Assam, India. It forms on the India-Bangladesh border as a branch of the Barak River, when the Barak separates into the Kushiyara and Surma. The Kushiyara flows westward forming the boundary between Assam, India, and the Sylhet District of Bangladesh.
At the India-Bangladesh Virtual Summit Bangladesh requested India to inform its border authorities to allow excavation work of the remaining portion of the Rahimpur Khal for utilization of Kushiyara River waters for irrigation purposes. India was also requested to provide early concurrence on the proposed MoU to be signed between the two countries for monitoring the withdrawal of water from the Kushiyara River by both the sides, pending signing of the Treaty/Agreement regarding sharing of water of the Kushiyara River.Incorrect
The Kushiyara River is a distributary river in Bangladesh and Assam, India. It forms on the India-Bangladesh border as a branch of the Barak River, when the Barak separates into the Kushiyara and Surma. The Kushiyara flows westward forming the boundary between Assam, India, and the Sylhet District of Bangladesh.
At the India-Bangladesh Virtual Summit Bangladesh requested India to inform its border authorities to allow excavation work of the remaining portion of the Rahimpur Khal for utilization of Kushiyara River waters for irrigation purposes. India was also requested to provide early concurrence on the proposed MoU to be signed between the two countries for monitoring the withdrawal of water from the Kushiyara River by both the sides, pending signing of the Treaty/Agreement regarding sharing of water of the Kushiyara River. - Question 12 of 25
12. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentTurkey is bordered by which of the following country(s)?
1. Iran
2. Armenia
3. Syria
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Turkey is bounded on the north by the Black Sea, on the northeast by Georgia and Armenia, on the east by Azerbaijan and Iran, on the southeast by Iraq and Syria, on the southwest and west by the Mediterranean Sea and the Aegean Sea, and on the northwest by Greece and Bulgaria.
Incorrect
Turkey is bounded on the north by the Black Sea, on the northeast by Georgia and Armenia, on the east by Azerbaijan and Iran, on the southeast by Iraq and Syria, on the southwest and west by the Mediterranean Sea and the Aegean Sea, and on the northwest by Greece and Bulgaria.
- Question 13 of 25
13. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following pairs:
Famous place : River
- Kargil : Indus
- Amritsar : Sutlej
- Sangli : Mahanadi
Which of the pair/pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
Correct
Incorrect
- Question 14 of 25
14. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe term “rohi” is related to which of the following?
Correct
The Rajasthan Bagar region (Bagar refers to the semi-desert area which is
west of Aravallis. Bagar has a thin layer of sand. It is drained by Luni in the south whereas
the northern section has a number of salt lakes) have a number of short seasonal streams
which originate from the Aravallis. These streams support agriculture in some fertile
patches called Rohi.
Incorrect
The Rajasthan Bagar region (Bagar refers to the semi-desert area which is
west of Aravallis. Bagar has a thin layer of sand. It is drained by Luni in the south whereas
the northern section has a number of salt lakes) have a number of short seasonal streams
which originate from the Aravallis. These streams support agriculture in some fertile
patches called Rohi.
- Question 15 of 25
15. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following rivers:
- Gumti River
- Manu River
- Hoara River
Which of the above flow/flows through Tripura state?
Correct
Tripura is a north-eastern state of India. It has many rivers. The name of the
main 11 rivers of Tripura are: Bijay, Deo, Dhalai, Feni, Gumti, Haora, Juri , Khowai,
Longai, Manu, Muhuri.
- All rivers are originated from hill ranges of Tripura and they are totally rain fed.
Truly speaking all rivers of Tripura is ephemeral.
- They are not comfortable for boat. They generate an annual flow of almost 793
million cubic meter of water. Fenni and Langai are shared by two Indian states,
Tripura and Mizoram.
- Agartala , the capital of Tripura is on the bank of the river Haora. Almost all rivers of
Tripura flow into Bangladesh. The Khowai, Dhalai, Manu, Juri and Longai flow
towards the north.
- The Gumti, Howra flow towards the west. The Muhuri and Feni flow towards the
south west.
Incorrect
Tripura is a north-eastern state of India. It has many rivers. The name of the
main 11 rivers of Tripura are: Bijay, Deo, Dhalai, Feni, Gumti, Haora, Juri , Khowai,
Longai, Manu, Muhuri.
- All rivers are originated from hill ranges of Tripura and they are totally rain fed.
Truly speaking all rivers of Tripura is ephemeral.
- They are not comfortable for boat. They generate an annual flow of almost 793
million cubic meter of water. Fenni and Langai are shared by two Indian states,
Tripura and Mizoram.
- Agartala , the capital of Tripura is on the bank of the river Haora. Almost all rivers of
Tripura flow into Bangladesh. The Khowai, Dhalai, Manu, Juri and Longai flow
towards the north.
- The Gumti, Howra flow towards the west. The Muhuri and Feni flow towards the
south west.
- Question 16 of 25
16. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the Majuli Island:
- Majuli Island is largest river island in world and first island district of the country.
- It is formed by Brahmaputra River in south and Kherkutia Xuti, another branch of
Brahmaputra, joined by Dihang River in north.
- The island is inhabited by Mising tribes, Deori and Sonowal Kachri tribes.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
The World Records has declared Majuli in Assam as the largest river island in
the world. It has toppled Marajo in Brazil to clinch the record. The beautiful river island is
situated on the Brahmaputra River.
Here is all that you should know about Majuli:
- It is formed by Brahmaputra River in the south and Kherkutia Xuti, an anabranch of the
Brahmaputra, joined by the Subansiri River in the north.
- The island is inhabited by Mising tribes, Deori and Sonowal Kachri tribes.
- The people of the island speak Mising, Assamese and Deori language.
- It covers an area of around 880 sq km.
- It is one of the important tourist destinations of Assam.
- Due to the frequent flooding of the Brahmaputra River, Majuli suffers heavy erosion. In
the last 30-40 years it is estimated that it has lost about one third of its area.
- It is home to about 1,60,000 people
- It is the hub of Assamese neo-Vaishnavite culture.
- It was recently declared a district and was earlier a subdivision under Jorhat district.
- It has been included in the tentative list of World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
Incorrect
The World Records has declared Majuli in Assam as the largest river island in
the world. It has toppled Marajo in Brazil to clinch the record. The beautiful river island is
situated on the Brahmaputra River.
Here is all that you should know about Majuli:
- It is formed by Brahmaputra River in the south and Kherkutia Xuti, an anabranch of the
Brahmaputra, joined by the Subansiri River in the north.
- The island is inhabited by Mising tribes, Deori and Sonowal Kachri tribes.
- The people of the island speak Mising, Assamese and Deori language.
- It covers an area of around 880 sq km.
- It is one of the important tourist destinations of Assam.
- Due to the frequent flooding of the Brahmaputra River, Majuli suffers heavy erosion. In
the last 30-40 years it is estimated that it has lost about one third of its area.
- It is home to about 1,60,000 people
- It is the hub of Assamese neo-Vaishnavite culture.
- It was recently declared a district and was earlier a subdivision under Jorhat district.
- It has been included in the tentative list of World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
- Question 17 of 25
17. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentArrange the following rivers from North to South:
- Mahanadi River
- Vamsadhara River
- Brahmani River
- Subarnarekha River
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
Incorrect
- Question 18 of 25
18. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following is/are correctly matched?
Lake/ Reservoir : State/Union Territory
- Stanley Reservoir : Kerala
- Linganamakki Sagar : Tamil Nadu
- Tso Moriri : Ladakh
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
Stanley Reservoir: Stanley Reservoir is one of largest fishing reservoirs in South India. Its
main source of water is the River Kaveri. Three minor tributaries – Palar, Chennar and
Thoppar – enter the Kaveri on her course above Stanley Reservoir. The water is retained by
the Mettur Dam, Tamil Nadu.
Linganamakki Sagar: Water from the Linganamakki reservoir in Karnataka’s Sagar taluk is
being released into the Sharavathi River as the level is nearing it maximum capacity.
- The reservoir is the source for the Sharavathi hydel power project that has an
installed capacity to generate 1,469 MWpower that includes 1,035 MW from the
Sharavathi Generating Station, 240 MW from the Gerusoppa Power Station, 139 MW
from the Mahatma Gandhi Power House and 55 MW from the Linganamakki Dam
Power House.
- The Jog Falls, located downstream of Linganamakki reservoir where Sharavathi river
takes the plunge from a height of 830 ft, has regained its glory, owing to the
discharge of water.
Tso Moriri: Tso Moriri or Lake Moriri or “Mountain Lake”, is a lake in the Changthang
Plateau in Ladakh in Northern India. The lake and surrounding area are protected as the
Tso Moriri Wetland Conservation Reserve. The lake is at an altitude of 4,522 m.
Incorrect
Stanley Reservoir: Stanley Reservoir is one of largest fishing reservoirs in South India. Its
main source of water is the River Kaveri. Three minor tributaries – Palar, Chennar and
Thoppar – enter the Kaveri on her course above Stanley Reservoir. The water is retained by
the Mettur Dam, Tamil Nadu.
Linganamakki Sagar: Water from the Linganamakki reservoir in Karnataka’s Sagar taluk is
being released into the Sharavathi River as the level is nearing it maximum capacity.
- The reservoir is the source for the Sharavathi hydel power project that has an
installed capacity to generate 1,469 MWpower that includes 1,035 MW from the
Sharavathi Generating Station, 240 MW from the Gerusoppa Power Station, 139 MW
from the Mahatma Gandhi Power House and 55 MW from the Linganamakki Dam
Power House.
- The Jog Falls, located downstream of Linganamakki reservoir where Sharavathi river
takes the plunge from a height of 830 ft, has regained its glory, owing to the
discharge of water.
Tso Moriri: Tso Moriri or Lake Moriri or “Mountain Lake”, is a lake in the Changthang
Plateau in Ladakh in Northern India. The lake and surrounding area are protected as the
Tso Moriri Wetland Conservation Reserve. The lake is at an altitude of 4,522 m.
- Question 19 of 25
19. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following is/are correctly matched?
Lake : State
- Haflong Lake : Arunachal Pradesh
- Hamirsar Lake : Punjab
- Badkhal Lake : Rajasthan
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
Incorrect
- Question 20 of 25
20. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following is/are correctly matched?
Waterfall : State
- Agaya Gangai Waterfall : Bihar
- Barakana Falls : Karnataka
- Duduma Waterfall : West Bengal
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
Important waterfalls in India.
- Agaya Gangai Waterfall: Located in the Kolli Hills (Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu). It
provides serene solitude, and is a great attraction in the Tamil Nadu tourism. The
approach is, however, tortuous.
- Ayyanar Waterfall: It is situated in the Virudhunagar District of Tamil Nadu in the
Western Ghats. It gets water mainly during the retreating monsoon rain. The water
from the falls is mainly used for drinking purposes by the people of Rajapalayam. It
is a famous tourist spot for the people of neighbouring districts.
- Barakana Falls: Situated in the Shimoga District of Karnataka, Barakana is one of
the highest waterfalls of the country. Currently, Barkamna Falls are the prime
source of one of the hydro-electric projects of Karnataka.
- Dudhsagar (Goa): Dudhsagar (The Sea of Milk) is a tiered water fall located in the
upper reaches of Mandovi River in the state of Goa. It is a great attraction for the
national and international tourists.
- Duduma Waterfall (158 m): Situated about 92 km from Koraput, it lies on the
Machhkund River in Orissa. A large hydro-electric project has been constructed at
this waterfall. Machhkund is an important place for pilgrimage.
- Gokak Falls (53 m): They are located in the upper reaches of the Ghataprabha (a
tributary of the Krishna) in Belgaum District of Karnataka. The waterfall is about six
- away from Gokak, a nearby town. It resembles to Niagra Falls. It is a great
attraction for the domestic and international tourists.
- Jog Falls (253 m): Located on the Sharavathi River in the Shimoga District of Karn’
ataka, they are the highest untiered waterfalls in India. Jog falls is one of the major
attractions in Karnataka tourism. It is also called by alternative names of Gerusoppe
Falls, Gersoppa Falls and Jogada Gundi.
- Kiliyur Falls: Kiliyur are the waterfalls in the Servary Hill of Eastern Ghats (Tamil
Nadu). Having an elevation of about 100 m, it is a great attraction in the tourism of
Tamil Nadu. Drainage 3.45.
- Kurtalam Falls Situated in the Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, the Kurtalam
waterfalls is a great attraction for the domestic and international tourists.
- Lodh Waterfalls (also known as Buddha Ghagh Falls) :The Lodh Waterfalls are
located on the Budh River about 40 km from Ranchi (Jharkhand). The falls, named
Gautam Budha, also have a Buddha Temple there.
- Shivasamudram Waterfall: Shivasamudram Falls formerly known as the Cauvery
Falls are the second highest waterfall in India. It is located 80 km from Mysore and
120 km from Bangalore. It is a major attraction in Karnataka tourism.
Incorrect
Important waterfalls in India.
- Agaya Gangai Waterfall: Located in the Kolli Hills (Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu). It
provides serene solitude, and is a great attraction in the Tamil Nadu tourism. The
approach is, however, tortuous.
- Ayyanar Waterfall: It is situated in the Virudhunagar District of Tamil Nadu in the
Western Ghats. It gets water mainly during the retreating monsoon rain. The water
from the falls is mainly used for drinking purposes by the people of Rajapalayam. It
is a famous tourist spot for the people of neighbouring districts.
- Barakana Falls: Situated in the Shimoga District of Karnataka, Barakana is one of
the highest waterfalls of the country. Currently, Barkamna Falls are the prime
source of one of the hydro-electric projects of Karnataka.
- Dudhsagar (Goa): Dudhsagar (The Sea of Milk) is a tiered water fall located in the
upper reaches of Mandovi River in the state of Goa. It is a great attraction for the
national and international tourists.
- Duduma Waterfall (158 m): Situated about 92 km from Koraput, it lies on the
Machhkund River in Orissa. A large hydro-electric project has been constructed at
this waterfall. Machhkund is an important place for pilgrimage.
- Gokak Falls (53 m): They are located in the upper reaches of the Ghataprabha (a
tributary of the Krishna) in Belgaum District of Karnataka. The waterfall is about six
- away from Gokak, a nearby town. It resembles to Niagra Falls. It is a great
attraction for the domestic and international tourists.
- Jog Falls (253 m): Located on the Sharavathi River in the Shimoga District of Karn’
ataka, they are the highest untiered waterfalls in India. Jog falls is one of the major
attractions in Karnataka tourism. It is also called by alternative names of Gerusoppe
Falls, Gersoppa Falls and Jogada Gundi.
- Kiliyur Falls: Kiliyur are the waterfalls in the Servary Hill of Eastern Ghats (Tamil
Nadu). Having an elevation of about 100 m, it is a great attraction in the tourism of
Tamil Nadu. Drainage 3.45.
- Kurtalam Falls Situated in the Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu, the Kurtalam
waterfalls is a great attraction for the domestic and international tourists.
- Lodh Waterfalls (also known as Buddha Ghagh Falls) :The Lodh Waterfalls are
located on the Budh River about 40 km from Ranchi (Jharkhand). The falls, named
Gautam Budha, also have a Buddha Temple there.
- Shivasamudram Waterfall: Shivasamudram Falls formerly known as the Cauvery
Falls are the second highest waterfall in India. It is located 80 km from Mysore and
120 km from Bangalore. It is a major attraction in Karnataka tourism.
- Question 21 of 25
21. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following river (s) is/are antecedent origin?
- Alaknanda
- Gandak
- Kosi
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Correct
The drainage pattern was already present before a period of uplift and folding that formed the present structure
- As the uplift took place, the rivers were able to cut down at approximately the same rate and so maintain their courses.
This process is called antecedence and the drainage system thus developed is called antecedent drainage.
Many of the Himalayan Rivers have antecedent origin i.e. these rivers existed even before the Himalayan ranges were uplifted.
These rivers originate in the Tibetan side beyond the mountain ranges of Himalayas. The Indus, Satluj, Alaknanda, Gandak, Kosi, Brahmaputra all has an antecedent origin.
Since these rivers are antecedent, they run transverse to the mountain ranges cutting deep V-shaped, steep-sided valleys (deep gorges).
Incorrect
The drainage pattern was already present before a period of uplift and folding that formed the present structure
- As the uplift took place, the rivers were able to cut down at approximately the same rate and so maintain their courses.
This process is called antecedence and the drainage system thus developed is called antecedent drainage.
Many of the Himalayan Rivers have antecedent origin i.e. these rivers existed even before the Himalayan ranges were uplifted.
These rivers originate in the Tibetan side beyond the mountain ranges of Himalayas. The Indus, Satluj, Alaknanda, Gandak, Kosi, Brahmaputra all has an antecedent origin.
Since these rivers are antecedent, they run transverse to the mountain ranges cutting deep V-shaped, steep-sided valleys (deep gorges).
- Question 22 of 25
22. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe Gersoppa falls is located in which of the following state?
Correct
Jog Falls, also called Gersoppa Falls, cataract of the Sharavati River, western Karnataka state, southwestern India. The Jog Falls are located 18 miles (29 km) upstream from Honavar at the river’s mouth on the Arabian Sea.
Incorrect
Jog Falls, also called Gersoppa Falls, cataract of the Sharavati River, western Karnataka state, southwestern India. The Jog Falls are located 18 miles (29 km) upstream from Honavar at the river’s mouth on the Arabian Sea.
- Question 23 of 25
23. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following is/are correctly matched?
River : Adjacent Town
- Yamuna River : Etawah
- Musi River : Bhadrachalam
- Kaveri River : Chennai
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
Correct
Rivers and their adjacent towns.
Incorrect
Rivers and their adjacent towns.
- Question 24 of 25
24. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe “Feni River” is recently in news is originated in which of the following state?
Correct
The Feni River, which forms part of the India-Bangladesh border, originates in the South Tripura district, passes through Sabroom town on the Indian side, and meets the Bay of Bengal after it flows into Bangladesh.
In November 2019 the Union Cabinet approved a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between India and Bangladesh on the withdrawal of 1.82 cusecs (cubic feet per second) of water from the Feni River by India for a drinking water supply scheme for Sabroom town in Tripura.
Incorrect
The Feni River, which forms part of the India-Bangladesh border, originates in the South Tripura district, passes through Sabroom town on the Indian side, and meets the Bay of Bengal after it flows into Bangladesh.
In November 2019 the Union Cabinet approved a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) between India and Bangladesh on the withdrawal of 1.82 cusecs (cubic feet per second) of water from the Feni River by India for a drinking water supply scheme for Sabroom town in Tripura.
- Question 25 of 25
25. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following is/are west flowing rivers in India?
- Netravati
- Periyar
- Varrar
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
The west flowing rivers of southern basin between Tadri to Kanyakumari extends over states of Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Union Territory of Puducherry having an area of 54,825 Sq. km, which is 1.66% of total geographical area of the country.
The basin is bounded by Sahyadri hills on the north, by the Western Ghats on the east, by Indian Ocean on the south and by the Arabian Sea on the west.
The basin is comprised of three sub-basins; Netravati and associated sub basin, Periyar and associated sub basin and Varrar and associated sub basin.
The major independent rivers in the basin are Varahi, Netravati, Payaswani, Valapattanam, Chaliyar, Kadalundi, Bharathapuzha, Periyar, Muvattupula, Minachil, Pamba, Achankovil, Kallada and Vamanapuram.
Incorrect
The west flowing rivers of southern basin between Tadri to Kanyakumari extends over states of Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Union Territory of Puducherry having an area of 54,825 Sq. km, which is 1.66% of total geographical area of the country.
The basin is bounded by Sahyadri hills on the north, by the Western Ghats on the east, by Indian Ocean on the south and by the Arabian Sea on the west.
The basin is comprised of three sub-basins; Netravati and associated sub basin, Periyar and associated sub basin and Varrar and associated sub basin.
The major independent rivers in the basin are Varahi, Netravati, Payaswani, Valapattanam, Chaliyar, Kadalundi, Bharathapuzha, Periyar, Muvattupula, Minachil, Pamba, Achankovil, Kallada and Vamanapuram.
Drainage System and other water forms II
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- Question 1 of 14
1. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe “Sisseri River Bridge” is recently in news is located in which of the following state?
Correct
Union Minister Rajnath Singh inaugurated the Sisseri River Bridge at Lower Dibang Valley in Arunachal Pradesh and called for bolstering the border infrastructure, saying that national security is the topmost priority of the government.
The 200-metre long bridge between Jonai-Pasighat-Ranaghat-Roing roads will provide connectivity between Dibang Valley and Siang to meet the long-pending demand of the people of Arunachal Pradesh as it would cut down the travel time from Pasighat to Roing by about five hours.Incorrect
Union Minister Rajnath Singh inaugurated the Sisseri River Bridge at Lower Dibang Valley in Arunachal Pradesh and called for bolstering the border infrastructure, saying that national security is the topmost priority of the government.
The 200-metre long bridge between Jonai-Pasighat-Ranaghat-Roing roads will provide connectivity between Dibang Valley and Siang to meet the long-pending demand of the people of Arunachal Pradesh as it would cut down the travel time from Pasighat to Roing by about five hours. - Question 2 of 14
2. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentRecently Scientists discovered a paleochannel or ancient channel, which are filled with younger sediments is located in which of the following state?
Correct
The Union Water Ministry has excavated an old, dried-up river in Prayagraj (formerly Allahabad) that linked the Ganga and Yamuna rivers.
•The “ancient buried river” as it was described at a conference organised by the Ministry, is around 4 km wide, 45 km long and consisted of a 15-metre-thick layer buried under soil.
• These paleochannels reveal the course of rivers that have ceased to exist.
• The aim is to develop it as a potential groundwater recharge source, according to officials at the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG), a body under the Union Jal Shakti Ministry that coordinates the cleaning of the Ganga.Incorrect
The Union Water Ministry has excavated an old, dried-up river in Prayagraj (formerly Allahabad) that linked the Ganga and Yamuna rivers.
•The “ancient buried river” as it was described at a conference organised by the Ministry, is around 4 km wide, 45 km long and consisted of a 15-metre-thick layer buried under soil.
• These paleochannels reveal the course of rivers that have ceased to exist.
• The aim is to develop it as a potential groundwater recharge source, according to officials at the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG), a body under the Union Jal Shakti Ministry that coordinates the cleaning of the Ganga. - Question 3 of 14
3. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentArrange the following rivers from west to east in India:
1. Sabarmati
2. Mahi
3. Parbatti
4. Betwa
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Incorrect
- Question 4 of 14
4. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following act (s) consent is/are required for the River valley and River interlinking projects?
1. The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
2. The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.
3. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
The National Green Tribunal has issued an order restraining Andhra Pradesh from proceeding further with the Godavari-Krishna-Penna river-linking project till the requisite environmental clearances and other permissions are taken under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
• The river valley projects require environmental clearance and also consent under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
• The project could not be allowed till the requisite environmental requirements were met.Incorrect
The National Green Tribunal has issued an order restraining Andhra Pradesh from proceeding further with the Godavari-Krishna-Penna river-linking project till the requisite environmental clearances and other permissions are taken under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
• The river valley projects require environmental clearance and also consent under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 and the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.
• The project could not be allowed till the requisite environmental requirements were met. - Question 5 of 14
5. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentConsider the following statements regarding the “Peninsular Drainage System”:
1. Peninsular Drainage System is older than Himalayan drainage system.
2. The Western Ghats running close to the western coast act as the water divide between the major Peninsular Rivers.
3. Chambal, Narmada and Tapti rivers flow from east to west.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?Correct
The Peninsular drainage system is older than the Himalayan one. This is evident from the broad, largely-graded shallow valleys, and the maturity of the rivers.
• The Western Ghats running close to the western coast act as the water divide between the major Peninsular Rivers, discharging their water in the Bay of Bengal and as small rivulets joining the Arabian Sea.
• Most of the major Peninsular Rivers except Narmada and Tapi flow from west to east. The Chambal, the Sind, the Betwa, the Ken, the Son, originating in the northern part of the Peninsula belong to the Ganga river system.
• The other major river systems of the peninsular drainage are – the Mahanadi the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri. Peninsular rivers are characterised by fixed course, absence of meanders and non-perennial flow of water.
• The Narmada and the Tapi which flow through the rift valley are, however, exceptions.Incorrect
The Peninsular drainage system is older than the Himalayan one. This is evident from the broad, largely-graded shallow valleys, and the maturity of the rivers.
• The Western Ghats running close to the western coast act as the water divide between the major Peninsular Rivers, discharging their water in the Bay of Bengal and as small rivulets joining the Arabian Sea.
• Most of the major Peninsular Rivers except Narmada and Tapi flow from west to east. The Chambal, the Sind, the Betwa, the Ken, the Son, originating in the northern part of the Peninsula belong to the Ganga river system.
• The other major river systems of the peninsular drainage are – the Mahanadi the Godavari, the Krishna and the Kaveri. Peninsular rivers are characterised by fixed course, absence of meanders and non-perennial flow of water.
• The Narmada and the Tapi which flow through the rift valley are, however, exceptions. - Question 6 of 14
6. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentArrange the following dams/reservoirs from south to north direction:
1. Mettur dam
2. Nizam sagar
3. Nagarjuna sagar
4. Indira sagar
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Incorrect
- Question 7 of 14
7. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentArrange the following rivers flow through Arunachal Pradesh from west to east:
1. Subansiri River
2. Kameng River
3. Lohit River
4. Dibang River
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Incorrect
- Question 8 of 14
8. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following lakes are located in Rajasthan?
1. Pichola Lake
2. Fateh Sagar Lake
3. Swaroop Sagar Lake
4. Ana Sagar Lake
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
A contentious decision of the Udaipur Urban Improvement Trust to redefine and protect the boundaries of the famous Pichola and Fateh Sagar lakes at their “full tank level” has led to 30% shrinkage in their size and reduced their submergence area to 4.5 sq. km and 2.5 sq. km, respectively.
The subsequent construction activities on the lakefront land have changed their ecological character of the once beautiful lakes.
The increasing threat to the lake ecosystem in the City of Lakes, which is a globally renowned tourist destination.
- The entire lake system , comprising Pichola, Fateh Sagar, Swaroop Sagar, Badi and Udai Sagar, should be restored to the “maximum water level” with the erection of pillars and the lakefront be left undisturbed for nesting and breeding activities of local and migratory birds.
Incorrect
A contentious decision of the Udaipur Urban Improvement Trust to redefine and protect the boundaries of the famous Pichola and Fateh Sagar lakes at their “full tank level” has led to 30% shrinkage in their size and reduced their submergence area to 4.5 sq. km and 2.5 sq. km, respectively.
The subsequent construction activities on the lakefront land have changed their ecological character of the once beautiful lakes.
The increasing threat to the lake ecosystem in the City of Lakes, which is a globally renowned tourist destination.
- The entire lake system , comprising Pichola, Fateh Sagar, Swaroop Sagar, Badi and Udai Sagar, should be restored to the “maximum water level” with the erection of pillars and the lakefront be left undisturbed for nesting and breeding activities of local and migratory birds.
- Question 9 of 14
9. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentThe “Buddha Nullah” – is a seasonal stream often seen in news is located in which of the following state?
Correct
Originating at village Koom Kalan of Ludhiana (Punjab) and running for 47 kms till Walipur Kalan where it merges with River Sutlej, this stream carrying fresh water was earlier known as ‘Buddha Dariya’.
Over the years, the name got changed to Buddha Nullah (drain) owing to the sewage, industrial and domestic waste that is dumped into it in the 14-km stretch within Ludhiana city municipal corporation limits beginning from Tajpur road.
There are three major sources polluting Buddha Nullah – untreated sewage waste from Ludhiana city Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs), untreated industrial effluents from 228 dyeing units, and 16 ‘outlets’, which are directly releasing sewage and industrial waste into the stream. Of these 16 outlets, 11 are “MC disposal points” through which the civic body is directly releasing untreated sewage waste into the stream.
Incorrect
Originating at village Koom Kalan of Ludhiana (Punjab) and running for 47 kms till Walipur Kalan where it merges with River Sutlej, this stream carrying fresh water was earlier known as ‘Buddha Dariya’.
Over the years, the name got changed to Buddha Nullah (drain) owing to the sewage, industrial and domestic waste that is dumped into it in the 14-km stretch within Ludhiana city municipal corporation limits beginning from Tajpur road.
There are three major sources polluting Buddha Nullah – untreated sewage waste from Ludhiana city Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs), untreated industrial effluents from 228 dyeing units, and 16 ‘outlets’, which are directly releasing sewage and industrial waste into the stream. Of these 16 outlets, 11 are “MC disposal points” through which the civic body is directly releasing untreated sewage waste into the stream.
- Question 10 of 14
10. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following rivers are originate/feed from the glaciers of Hindu Kush – Himalaya region?
- Ganges River
- Indus River
- Yellow River
- Irrawaddy River
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
Two-thirds of Himalayan glaciers, the world’s “Third Pole”, could melt by 2100 if global emissions are not reduced, scientists warned in a major new study issued in 2019.
And even if the “most ambitious” Paris Agreement goal of limiting global warming to 1.5° C is achieved, one-third of the glaciers would go, according to the Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment.
Glaciers in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya (HKH) region are a critical water source for some 250 million people in the mountains as well as to 1.65 billion others in the river valleys below, the report said.
The glaciers feed 10 of the world’s most important river systems, including the Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra, Irrawaddy, Salween, Mekong, Yangtze, Yellow, Amu Darya and Tarim.
And directly or indirectly supply billions of people with food, energy, clean air and income.
Incorrect
Two-thirds of Himalayan glaciers, the world’s “Third Pole”, could melt by 2100 if global emissions are not reduced, scientists warned in a major new study issued in 2019.
And even if the “most ambitious” Paris Agreement goal of limiting global warming to 1.5° C is achieved, one-third of the glaciers would go, according to the Hindu Kush Himalaya Assessment.
Glaciers in the Hindu Kush-Himalaya (HKH) region are a critical water source for some 250 million people in the mountains as well as to 1.65 billion others in the river valleys below, the report said.
The glaciers feed 10 of the world’s most important river systems, including the Indus, Ganges, Brahmaputra, Irrawaddy, Salween, Mekong, Yangtze, Yellow, Amu Darya and Tarim.
And directly or indirectly supply billions of people with food, energy, clean air and income.
- Question 11 of 14
11. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following river does not flow northwards?
Correct
Chambal, Betwa, Ken and Son are the northward flowing rivers. Kosi originates in Tibet and flows southwards to merge in Ganga
Incorrect
Chambal, Betwa, Ken and Son are the northward flowing rivers. Kosi originates in Tibet and flows southwards to merge in Ganga
- Question 12 of 14
12. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following river rises north of the tropic of cancer in India?
Correct
Incorrect
- Question 13 of 14
13. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentWhich of the following river is not flow through Punjab before entering Pakistan?
Correct
Incorrect
- Question 14 of 14
14. Question
1 pointsCategory: Geography & EnvironmentArrange the following alluvium deposits from north to south:
1. Tarai
2. Khaddar
3. Bhangar
4. Bhabar
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
The northern plains are formed by the alluvial deposits brought by the rivers – theIndus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.
These plains extend approximately 3,200 km from the east to the west. The average width of these plains varies between 150-300 km.
The maximum depth of alluvium deposits varies between 1,000-2,000 m. From the north to the south, these can be divided into three major zones: the Bhabar, the Tarai and the alluvial plains. The alluvial plains can be further divided into the Khadar and the Bhangar.
Bhabar is a narrow belt ranging between 8-10 km parallel to the Shiwalik foothills at the break-up of the slope.
As a result of this, the streams and rivers coming from the mountains deposit heavy materials of rocks and boulders, and at times, disappear in this zone.
South of the Bhabar is the Tarai belt, with an approximate width of 10-20 km where most of the streams and rivers re-emerge without having any properly demarcated channel, thereby, creating marshy and swampy conditions known as the Tarai.
This has a luxurious growth of natural vegetation and houses a varied wildlife.
The south of Tarai is a belt consisting of old and new alluvial deposits known as the Bhangar and Khadar respectively.
These plains have characteristic features of mature stage of fluvial erosional and depositional landforms such as sand bars, meanders, oxbow lakes and braided channels.
The Brahmaputra plains are known for their riverine islands and sand bars. Most of these areas are subjected to periodic floods and shifting river courses forming braided streams.
Incorrect
The northern plains are formed by the alluvial deposits brought by the rivers – theIndus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.
These plains extend approximately 3,200 km from the east to the west. The average width of these plains varies between 150-300 km.
The maximum depth of alluvium deposits varies between 1,000-2,000 m. From the north to the south, these can be divided into three major zones: the Bhabar, the Tarai and the alluvial plains. The alluvial plains can be further divided into the Khadar and the Bhangar.
Bhabar is a narrow belt ranging between 8-10 km parallel to the Shiwalik foothills at the break-up of the slope.
As a result of this, the streams and rivers coming from the mountains deposit heavy materials of rocks and boulders, and at times, disappear in this zone.
South of the Bhabar is the Tarai belt, with an approximate width of 10-20 km where most of the streams and rivers re-emerge without having any properly demarcated channel, thereby, creating marshy and swampy conditions known as the Tarai.
This has a luxurious growth of natural vegetation and houses a varied wildlife.
The south of Tarai is a belt consisting of old and new alluvial deposits known as the Bhangar and Khadar respectively.
These plains have characteristic features of mature stage of fluvial erosional and depositional landforms such as sand bars, meanders, oxbow lakes and braided channels.
The Brahmaputra plains are known for their riverine islands and sand bars. Most of these areas are subjected to periodic floods and shifting river courses forming braided streams.
Miscellaneous
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- Question 1 of 22
1. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyThe Paharia Tribe belongs to which of the following State?
Correct
Paharias are one of the primitive tribal groups in Santhal Parganas of Jharkhand. In Jharkhand, there are two types of Paharias:
– Mal Paharia people live in the southern hills of Damin-i-koh and in the south and east of Santhal Parganas. A few of them are also found in Odisha and West Bengal.
– Shauria Paharia (Maler Paharia) people are mostly found in Santhal Parganas.
# Pakur Honey produced by vulnerable Pahariya tribe was launched as a product by Ministry of Tribal Affairs.Incorrect
Paharias are one of the primitive tribal groups in Santhal Parganas of Jharkhand. In Jharkhand, there are two types of Paharias:
– Mal Paharia people live in the southern hills of Damin-i-koh and in the south and east of Santhal Parganas. A few of them are also found in Odisha and West Bengal.
– Shauria Paharia (Maler Paharia) people are mostly found in Santhal Parganas.
# Pakur Honey produced by vulnerable Pahariya tribe was launched as a product by Ministry of Tribal Affairs. - Question 2 of 22
2. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following correctly defines the ‘Buldhana Pattern’ of water conservation that was in news recently?
Correct
The ‘Buldhana Pattern’ of water conservation has won national recognition and the NITI Aayog is in the process of formulating National Policy on water conversation based on it.
It refers to synchronization of national highway construction and water conservation that was achieved for the first time in Buldhana district, by using soil from the water bodies, nallas and rivers. This consequently led to the increase in capacity of water storage across the water-bodies in Buldana district and it came to be known as ‘Buldhana Pattern’.Incorrect
The ‘Buldhana Pattern’ of water conservation has won national recognition and the NITI Aayog is in the process of formulating National Policy on water conversation based on it.
It refers to synchronization of national highway construction and water conservation that was achieved for the first time in Buldhana district, by using soil from the water bodies, nallas and rivers. This consequently led to the increase in capacity of water storage across the water-bodies in Buldana district and it came to be known as ‘Buldhana Pattern’. - Question 3 of 22
3. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following is/are components of the Jal Jeevan Mission?
1. Development of in-village piped water supply infrastructure
2. Technological interventions for removal of water contaminants
3. Greywater management
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Jal Jeevan Mission is envisioned to provide safe and adequate drinking water through individual household tap connections by 2024 to all households in rural India.
The components supported under JJM include:
–Development of in-village piped water supply infrastructure to provide tap water connection to every rural household
–Wherever necessary, bulk water transfer, treatment plants and distribution network to cater to every rural household
–Technological interventions for removal of contaminants where water quality is an issue
–Greywater managementIncorrect
Jal Jeevan Mission is envisioned to provide safe and adequate drinking water through individual household tap connections by 2024 to all households in rural India.
The components supported under JJM include:
–Development of in-village piped water supply infrastructure to provide tap water connection to every rural household
–Wherever necessary, bulk water transfer, treatment plants and distribution network to cater to every rural household
–Technological interventions for removal of contaminants where water quality is an issue
–Greywater management - Question 4 of 22
4. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyThe Yanomami tribe belongs to which region?
Correct
The Yanomami are a relatively isolated tribe in South America. They live in the rainforests and mountains of northern Brazil and southern Venezuela. They are speakers of a Xirianá language, who live in the remote forest of the Orinoco River basin in southern Venezuela and the northernmost reaches of the Amazon River basin in northern Brazil.
# They have been threatened for several decades by illegal gold miners who invade their land and bring diseases. They recently sent a request to India to stop buying Yanomami ‘Blood Gold’.Incorrect
The Yanomami are a relatively isolated tribe in South America. They live in the rainforests and mountains of northern Brazil and southern Venezuela. They are speakers of a Xirianá language, who live in the remote forest of the Orinoco River basin in southern Venezuela and the northernmost reaches of the Amazon River basin in northern Brazil.
# They have been threatened for several decades by illegal gold miners who invade their land and bring diseases. They recently sent a request to India to stop buying Yanomami ‘Blood Gold’. - Question 5 of 22
5. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyTagin tribe is inhabitant of which of the following State/UT?
Correct
The Tagin or Ghasi Miri tribe is one of the major tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, which is a member of the larger designation of Tani Tribes, the descendants of Abu Tani.
Mostly Tagins are in Upper Subansiri district but are also found to be dispersed among the adjoining districts especially in West Siang and Papum Pare.
The most important festival of the Tagins is the Si-Donyi Festival, involves the veneration of the earth (si) and the sun (donyi).Incorrect
The Tagin or Ghasi Miri tribe is one of the major tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, which is a member of the larger designation of Tani Tribes, the descendants of Abu Tani.
Mostly Tagins are in Upper Subansiri district but are also found to be dispersed among the adjoining districts especially in West Siang and Papum Pare.
The most important festival of the Tagins is the Si-Donyi Festival, involves the veneration of the earth (si) and the sun (donyi). - Question 6 of 22
6. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhere is Kabartal Wetland located?
Correct
Kabartal Wetland, also known as Kanwar Jheel, covers 2,620 hectares of the Indo-Gangetic plains in the Bihar State. It has been designated as a wetland of International importance.
It is an important wetland of the Central Asian Flyway for the population of migratory birds and biodiversity. With the new addition, now India has 39 Ramsar sites.Incorrect
Kabartal Wetland, also known as Kanwar Jheel, covers 2,620 hectares of the Indo-Gangetic plains in the Bihar State. It has been designated as a wetland of International importance.
It is an important wetland of the Central Asian Flyway for the population of migratory birds and biodiversity. With the new addition, now India has 39 Ramsar sites. - Question 7 of 22
7. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following is/are Ramsar wetland sites in India?
1. Kabartal Wetland
2. Lonar Lake
3. Asan Conservation Reserve
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
The Lonar lake in Maharashtra and Sur Sarovar, also known as Keetham lake, in Agra, have been added to the list of recognised Ramsar sites recently.
Before that, Kabartal in Bihar’s Begusarai district was recognised as a wetland of international importance, the first such wetland in Bihar.
The Asan Conservation Reserve in Dehradun, the first wetland from Uttarakhand to be recognised by Ramsar convention, was added to the list in October 2020.Incorrect
The Lonar lake in Maharashtra and Sur Sarovar, also known as Keetham lake, in Agra, have been added to the list of recognised Ramsar sites recently.
Before that, Kabartal in Bihar’s Begusarai district was recognised as a wetland of international importance, the first such wetland in Bihar.
The Asan Conservation Reserve in Dehradun, the first wetland from Uttarakhand to be recognised by Ramsar convention, was added to the list in October 2020. - Question 8 of 22
8. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following country(s) form part of the group called Nordic countries?
1. Finland
2. Denmark
3. Sweden
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
The Nordic Region consists of Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Iceland, as well as the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland.
Norden means literally ‘the North’ in the Danish, Norwegian and Swedish languages. The terms Scandinavia and Scandinavian are often used as synonyms for Norden and Nordic in English.
# India and Finland recently signed a MOU for developing cooperation between two countries in the field of Environment protection and biodiversity conservation.Incorrect
The Nordic Region consists of Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, and Iceland, as well as the Faroe Islands, Greenland, and Åland.
Norden means literally ‘the North’ in the Danish, Norwegian and Swedish languages. The terms Scandinavia and Scandinavian are often used as synonyms for Norden and Nordic in English.
# India and Finland recently signed a MOU for developing cooperation between two countries in the field of Environment protection and biodiversity conservation. - Question 9 of 22
9. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyThe Bonda tribe belongs to which State?
Correct
The Bonda tribe of Odisha is believed to be part of the first wave of migration out of Africa about 60,000 years ago. Anthropologists say that they are members of a group of Austroasiatic tribes, who at some time in the ancient past migrated and settled in an area of about 130 sq km in the wild Jeypore hills.
The Bondas continue to speak in their language, Remo, which comes under the Austroasiatic language belonging to the Mundari group. They are one of the 13 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) found in Odisha. A matriarchal society, the women prefer to marry men who are younger by at least 5-10 years, so that the men can earn for them when they grow old.Incorrect
The Bonda tribe of Odisha is believed to be part of the first wave of migration out of Africa about 60,000 years ago. Anthropologists say that they are members of a group of Austroasiatic tribes, who at some time in the ancient past migrated and settled in an area of about 130 sq km in the wild Jeypore hills.
The Bondas continue to speak in their language, Remo, which comes under the Austroasiatic language belonging to the Mundari group. They are one of the 13 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) found in Odisha. A matriarchal society, the women prefer to marry men who are younger by at least 5-10 years, so that the men can earn for them when they grow old. - Question 10 of 22
10. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyConsider the following statements regarding the Tulu Language:
- It is a Dravidian language spoken in parts of Karnataka and Kerala.
- It is listed under the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Statement 1 is correct. Tulu is a southern Dravidian language that’s spoken
by 1.85 million people in the districts of Dakshina Kannada (by 48.6% of the population as
per the 2011 Census) and Udupi (31.4%), and is also widely spoken in the Manjeshwaram
and Kasargod taluks (16.2% combined) of Kerala’s Kasargod district.
Tulu has a rich oral tradition, reviving folk song forms like paḍdana, stories, and popular
theater (naṭaka), including yakṣagana.
Statement 2 is incorrect. Tulu language i not included in Eighth Schedule of the
Constitution.
The Eight Schedule consists of the 22 languages namely Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati,
Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi,
Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu Bodo, Santhali, Maithili and Dogri.
Of these languages,14 were initially included in the Constitution. Sindhi language was
added by the 21st Constitution Amendment Act of 1967.
Konkani, Manipuri, and Nepali were included by the 71st Constitution Amendment Act of
1992.
Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, and Santhali were added by the 92nd Constitution Amendment Act of 2003.
Incorrect
Statement 1 is correct. Tulu is a southern Dravidian language that’s spoken
by 1.85 million people in the districts of Dakshina Kannada (by 48.6% of the population as
per the 2011 Census) and Udupi (31.4%), and is also widely spoken in the Manjeshwaram
and Kasargod taluks (16.2% combined) of Kerala’s Kasargod district.
Tulu has a rich oral tradition, reviving folk song forms like paḍdana, stories, and popular
theater (naṭaka), including yakṣagana.
Statement 2 is incorrect. Tulu language i not included in Eighth Schedule of the
Constitution.
The Eight Schedule consists of the 22 languages namely Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati,
Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Malayalam, Manipuri, Marathi, Nepali, Oriya, Punjabi,
Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu Bodo, Santhali, Maithili and Dogri.
Of these languages,14 were initially included in the Constitution. Sindhi language was
added by the 21st Constitution Amendment Act of 1967.
Konkani, Manipuri, and Nepali were included by the 71st Constitution Amendment Act of
1992.
Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, and Santhali were added by the 92nd Constitution Amendment Act of 2003.
- Question 11 of 22
11. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyThe “Bru/Reang community”, sometimes seen in news is related to which of the following state?
Correct
Twenty-three years after ethnic clashes in Mizoram forced 37,000 people of the Bru (or Reang) community to flee their homes to neighbouring Tripura, an agreement has been signed to allow them to remain permanently in the latter state.
The agreement among the Bru leaders and the governments of India, Tripura, and Mizoram, signed in New Delhi on January 16, gives the Bru the choice of living in either state. In several ways, the agreement has redefined the way in which internal displacement is treated in India.
Incorrect
Twenty-three years after ethnic clashes in Mizoram forced 37,000 people of the Bru (or Reang) community to flee their homes to neighbouring Tripura, an agreement has been signed to allow them to remain permanently in the latter state.
The agreement among the Bru leaders and the governments of India, Tripura, and Mizoram, signed in New Delhi on January 16, gives the Bru the choice of living in either state. In several ways, the agreement has redefined the way in which internal displacement is treated in India.
- Question 12 of 22
12. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyBonda is a tribal community in which of the following state?
Correct
Bonda tribe, classified as one of India’s Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) is one of the most primitive tribal community of Odisha. The ‘Bonda’ are known among themselves as ‘Remo’ (men).
The Bonda Hills area has been designated according to the name of the indigenous tribe the ‘Bonda’. Geographically the Bonda hills are bounded in the northwest by the Malkangiri plains and in the south-east by the Machhkund valley.
With slash and burn cultivation they also practice paddy cultivation on terraced-fields in the valleys during rainy season. Their language belongs to the Munda branch of the Austroasiatic language family.
Incorrect
Bonda tribe, classified as one of India’s Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) is one of the most primitive tribal community of Odisha. The ‘Bonda’ are known among themselves as ‘Remo’ (men).
The Bonda Hills area has been designated according to the name of the indigenous tribe the ‘Bonda’. Geographically the Bonda hills are bounded in the northwest by the Malkangiri plains and in the south-east by the Machhkund valley.
With slash and burn cultivation they also practice paddy cultivation on terraced-fields in the valleys during rainy season. Their language belongs to the Munda branch of the Austroasiatic language family.
- Question 13 of 22
13. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyThe Bru tribal community is a native of which following State?
Correct
The Brus, also known as Reangs, are spread across Tripura, Mizoram and southern Assam states in India.
Their clashes with the majority Mizos in 1995 led to the demand for the removal of the Brus (perceived to be non-indigenous) from Mizoram’s electoral rolls. This led to an armed movement by a Bru outfit, The retaliatory ethnic violence saw more than 40,000 Brus fleeing to adjoining Tripura where they took shelter in relief camps.
The Centre and the two State governments involved made several attempts to resettle the Brus in Mizoram and Tripura.
Incorrect
The Brus, also known as Reangs, are spread across Tripura, Mizoram and southern Assam states in India.
Their clashes with the majority Mizos in 1995 led to the demand for the removal of the Brus (perceived to be non-indigenous) from Mizoram’s electoral rolls. This led to an armed movement by a Bru outfit, The retaliatory ethnic violence saw more than 40,000 Brus fleeing to adjoining Tripura where they took shelter in relief camps.
The Centre and the two State governments involved made several attempts to resettle the Brus in Mizoram and Tripura.
- Question 14 of 22
14. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following is/are Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) of Andaman and Nicobar Islands?
- Koraga
- Onges
- Shompens
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
75 tribal groups have been categorized by Ministry of Home Affairs as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG). PVTGs reside in 18 States and UT of A&N Islands.
The Ministry of Tribal Affairs implements the Scheme of “Development of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)” exclusively for Conservation-cum-Development of PVTGs.
The five PVTGS residing in Andamans are Great Andamanese, Jarwas, Onges, Shompens and North Sentinelese.
Koraga is a PVTG in Kerala.
Incorrect
75 tribal groups have been categorized by Ministry of Home Affairs as Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG). PVTGs reside in 18 States and UT of A&N Islands.
The Ministry of Tribal Affairs implements the Scheme of “Development of Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs)” exclusively for Conservation-cum-Development of PVTGs.
The five PVTGS residing in Andamans are Great Andamanese, Jarwas, Onges, Shompens and North Sentinelese.
Koraga is a PVTG in Kerala.
- Question 15 of 22
15. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following is/are ‘Global Commons’?
- High Seas
- Atmosphere
- Antarctica
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
Global commons have been traditionally defined as those parts of the planet
that fall outside national jurisdictions and to which all nations have access.
International law identifies four global commons, namely the High Seas, the Atmosphere,
the Antarctica and the Outer Space. These resource domains are guided by the principle
of the common heritage of mankind.
The international conventions and treaties to govern global commons include:
– United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) of 1982 and instruments
governed by the International Maritime Organization and UNEP’s Regional Seas
Conventions to govern the high seas;
– Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) ensuring the protection of the Antarctica fauna and flora;
– A multitude of international environmental treaties that administer and protect the
atmosphere and deal with the air pollution and atmospheric depletion, like the UNFCCC
and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer;
– The Treaty on Principles governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of
Outer Space.
Incorrect
Global commons have been traditionally defined as those parts of the planet
that fall outside national jurisdictions and to which all nations have access.
International law identifies four global commons, namely the High Seas, the Atmosphere,
the Antarctica and the Outer Space. These resource domains are guided by the principle
of the common heritage of mankind.
The international conventions and treaties to govern global commons include:
– United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) of 1982 and instruments
governed by the International Maritime Organization and UNEP’s Regional Seas
Conventions to govern the high seas;
– Antarctic Treaty System (ATS) ensuring the protection of the Antarctica fauna and flora;
– A multitude of international environmental treaties that administer and protect the
atmosphere and deal with the air pollution and atmospheric depletion, like the UNFCCC
and the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer;
– The Treaty on Principles governing the Activities of States in the Exploration and Use of
Outer Space.
- Question 16 of 22
16. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWith respect to the growth of the population 2010-15 over 1990-95, which region
increasing its population growth?
Correct
Population growth in different parts of the world can be compared. The
growth of population is low in developed countries as compared to developing countries.
There is negative correlation between economic development and population growth.
Incorrect
Population growth in different parts of the world can be compared. The
growth of population is low in developed countries as compared to developing countries.
There is negative correlation between economic development and population growth.
- Question 17 of 22
17. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following tribe/tribes is/are practices the transhumance behavior?
- Gujars
- Changpas
- Bakarwals
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
The transhumant system is prevalent in the Himalayas, where there are
several nomadic tribes, such as the Gujars, Bakarwals, Gaddis and Changpas, who rear
sheep and goats under this system.
- The animals are moved to subalpine and alpine pastures during summer, while
during winter they are grazed on adjoining plains.
- The scale of this enterprise is widespread and is practised by a variety of farmers,
including landless and marginal farmers, who have adopted this profession for
earning a livelihood.
- Sale of wool and live animals for meat is their only source of income. The
transhumant system is practised in order to locate the best herbage resources
from pastures and grasslands.
- There are also well recognized pastoral tribes who practise a complete
transhumance, moving from one place to another on traditional migratory routes.
- The dates of migration have traditionally been fixed. Even grazing rights rest with
the migratory graziers by traditional usage, though they do not hold proprietary
rights over the land.
- The transhumant system is prevalent in the Himalayan region. However, this
system still exists in some states situated in the plains, such as Rajasthan,
Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh.
Incorrect
The transhumant system is prevalent in the Himalayas, where there are
several nomadic tribes, such as the Gujars, Bakarwals, Gaddis and Changpas, who rear
sheep and goats under this system.
- The animals are moved to subalpine and alpine pastures during summer, while
during winter they are grazed on adjoining plains.
- The scale of this enterprise is widespread and is practised by a variety of farmers,
including landless and marginal farmers, who have adopted this profession for
earning a livelihood.
- Sale of wool and live animals for meat is their only source of income. The
transhumant system is practised in order to locate the best herbage resources
from pastures and grasslands.
- There are also well recognized pastoral tribes who practise a complete
transhumance, moving from one place to another on traditional migratory routes.
- The dates of migration have traditionally been fixed. Even grazing rights rest with
the migratory graziers by traditional usage, though they do not hold proprietary
rights over the land.
- The transhumant system is prevalent in the Himalayan region. However, this
system still exists in some states situated in the plains, such as Rajasthan,
Madhya Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh.
- Question 18 of 22
18. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following is/are correctly matched?
Slash and burn agriculture Region
- Jhumming : North-east India
- Milpa : Indonesia and Malaysia
- Ladang : Mongolia and northern China
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
Primitive subsistence agriculture or shifting cultivation is widely practised by
many tribes in the tropics, especially in Africa, south and Central America and south East
Asia.
The vegetation is usually cleared by fire, and the ashes add to the fertility of the soil.
Shifting cultivation is thus, also called slash and burn agriculture.
It is prevalent in tropical region in different names, e.g. Jhuming in North eastern states
of India, Milpa in Central America and Mexico and Ladang in Indonesia and Malaysia.
Incorrect
Primitive subsistence agriculture or shifting cultivation is widely practised by
many tribes in the tropics, especially in Africa, south and Central America and south East
Asia.
The vegetation is usually cleared by fire, and the ashes add to the fertility of the soil.
Shifting cultivation is thus, also called slash and burn agriculture.
It is prevalent in tropical region in different names, e.g. Jhuming in North eastern states
of India, Milpa in Central America and Mexico and Ladang in Indonesia and Malaysia.
- Question 19 of 22
19. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following country officially declared the death of a Glacier?
Correct
In Iceland, people commemorated the loss of the glacier Okjokull.
- The glacier was officially declared dead in 2014 at the age of 700, when it was no
longer thick enough to move. It has been reduced to a small patch of ice atop a
volcano.
- The people walked up the volcano northeast of the capital Reykjavik to lay a plaque
which carries a letter to the future.
- The plaque reads “Okjokull is the first Icelandic glacier to lose its status as glacier.
Incorrect
In Iceland, people commemorated the loss of the glacier Okjokull.
- The glacier was officially declared dead in 2014 at the age of 700, when it was no
longer thick enough to move. It has been reduced to a small patch of ice atop a
volcano.
- The people walked up the volcano northeast of the capital Reykjavik to lay a plaque
which carries a letter to the future.
- The plaque reads “Okjokull is the first Icelandic glacier to lose its status as glacier.
- Question 20 of 22
20. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyConsider the following statements regarding the stages of demographic transition theory:
- In the first stage there has been low fertility and high mortality.
- In the second stage there has been high fertility and reduced mortality.
- In the final stage both fertility and mortality decline considerably.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Correct
Demographic transition theory can be used to describe and predict the future population of any area.
The theory tells us that population of any region changes from high births and high deaths to low births and low deaths as society progresses from rural agrarian and illiterate to urban industrial and literate society. These changes occur in stages which are collectively known as the demographic cycle.
The first stage has high fertility and high mortality because people reproduce more to compensate for the deaths due to epidemics and variable food supply.
Fertility remains high in the beginning of second stage but it declines with time. This is accompanied by reduced mortality rate. Improvements in sanitation and health conditions lead to decline in mortality. Because of this gap the net addition to population is high.
In the last stage, both fertility and mortality decline considerably. The population is either stable or grows slowly. The population becomes urbanized, literate and has high technical knowhow and deliberately controls the family size.
Incorrect
Demographic transition theory can be used to describe and predict the future population of any area.
The theory tells us that population of any region changes from high births and high deaths to low births and low deaths as society progresses from rural agrarian and illiterate to urban industrial and literate society. These changes occur in stages which are collectively known as the demographic cycle.
The first stage has high fertility and high mortality because people reproduce more to compensate for the deaths due to epidemics and variable food supply.
Fertility remains high in the beginning of second stage but it declines with time. This is accompanied by reduced mortality rate. Improvements in sanitation and health conditions lead to decline in mortality. Because of this gap the net addition to population is high.
In the last stage, both fertility and mortality decline considerably. The population is either stable or grows slowly. The population becomes urbanized, literate and has high technical knowhow and deliberately controls the family size.
- Question 21 of 22
21. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following constitutional provision (s) is/are related to “water”?
- Union list
- State list
- Concurrent list
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
All the major river basins and some among the medium river basins are of inter-state nature.
As the development of projects by one State on an inter-state river may affect the interests of other basin States, inter-state differences arise with regard to use, distribution and control of waters of inter-state river basins.
- Subject of ‘water’ is a matter at Entry 17 of List –II, i.e. State List.
This Entry is subject to the provisions of Entry 56 of List –I, the Union List.
Entry – 56 of Union list: Regulation and development of inter-State rivers and river valleys to the extent to which such regulation and development under the control of the Union are declared by Parliament by law to be expedient in the public interest.
Entry – 17: Water that is to say, water supplies, irrigation and canals, drainage and embankments, water storage and water power subject to the provisions of Entry 56 of List – I.
Incorrect
All the major river basins and some among the medium river basins are of inter-state nature.
As the development of projects by one State on an inter-state river may affect the interests of other basin States, inter-state differences arise with regard to use, distribution and control of waters of inter-state river basins.
- Subject of ‘water’ is a matter at Entry 17 of List –II, i.e. State List.
This Entry is subject to the provisions of Entry 56 of List –I, the Union List.
Entry – 56 of Union list: Regulation and development of inter-State rivers and river valleys to the extent to which such regulation and development under the control of the Union are declared by Parliament by law to be expedient in the public interest.
Entry – 17: Water that is to say, water supplies, irrigation and canals, drainage and embankments, water storage and water power subject to the provisions of Entry 56 of List – I.
- Question 22 of 22
22. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following tribe (s) is/are significantly located in Arunachal Pradesh?
- Adi tribe
- Apatani tribe
- Nyishi tribe
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Correct
Arunachal Pradesh has the highest concentration of scheduled tribes in India. Additionally, this region is probably one of the last remaining outposts in the country where tribes still live a primitive existence, seeking out a living from the land and maintaining a harmonious relation with nature.
The word ‘Nyishi’ literally translates to a ‘civilised human being’. The Nyishis are the most populous tribe of Arunachal Pradesh and inhabit the Papum Pare, Kurung Kumey, East Kameng, and the Lower and Upper Subansiri districts of Arunachal Pradesh. They are mainly involved in shifting cultivation and produce rice, millet, cucumber, etc.
- The Apatanis have a distinct culture with systematic land use techniques and rich traditional ecological knowledge. Their sustainable development ways, and natural resources’ management and conservation, that has been acquired over the centuries through informal experimentation, is simply exemplary.
UNESCO has proposed that the Apatani valley be listed as a World Heritage Site for its ‘extremely high productivity’ and ‘unique’ way of preserving ecology.
The tribe, mainly found in the Ziro Valley in the Lower Subansiri district, is known for its wetland paddy cultivation, which produces high yields even without the use of farm animals and agricultural machines.
The Adi tribe celebrates a number of festivals but the most important ones are Aran, Solung and Etor. Solung is a harvest festival that is observed in the first week of September for about five days.
It is marked by songs, dances, display of weaponry, etc. Etor is celebrated in the month of May and men perform various war dances (collectively called Tapu) during the ceremonies. Aran is observed in the month of March.
Incorrect
Arunachal Pradesh has the highest concentration of scheduled tribes in India. Additionally, this region is probably one of the last remaining outposts in the country where tribes still live a primitive existence, seeking out a living from the land and maintaining a harmonious relation with nature.
The word ‘Nyishi’ literally translates to a ‘civilised human being’. The Nyishis are the most populous tribe of Arunachal Pradesh and inhabit the Papum Pare, Kurung Kumey, East Kameng, and the Lower and Upper Subansiri districts of Arunachal Pradesh. They are mainly involved in shifting cultivation and produce rice, millet, cucumber, etc.
- The Apatanis have a distinct culture with systematic land use techniques and rich traditional ecological knowledge. Their sustainable development ways, and natural resources’ management and conservation, that has been acquired over the centuries through informal experimentation, is simply exemplary.
UNESCO has proposed that the Apatani valley be listed as a World Heritage Site for its ‘extremely high productivity’ and ‘unique’ way of preserving ecology.
The tribe, mainly found in the Ziro Valley in the Lower Subansiri district, is known for its wetland paddy cultivation, which produces high yields even without the use of farm animals and agricultural machines.
The Adi tribe celebrates a number of festivals but the most important ones are Aran, Solung and Etor. Solung is a harvest festival that is observed in the first week of September for about five days.
It is marked by songs, dances, display of weaponry, etc. Etor is celebrated in the month of May and men perform various war dances (collectively called Tapu) during the ceremonies. Aran is observed in the month of March.
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- Question 1 of 31
1. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following State(s) of India share border with Myanmar?
1. Nagaland
2. Manipur
3. Arunachal Pradesh
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Four Northeast Indian states share the border with Myanmar: Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Mizoram, and Manipur.
Incorrect
Four Northeast Indian states share the border with Myanmar: Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, Mizoram, and Manipur.
- Question 2 of 31
2. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyArrange the following zones in North to South direction:
1. Indus–Tsangpo suture zone (ITSZ)
2. Main Boundary Thrust (MBT)
3. Main Central Thrust (MCT)
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Indus Tsangpo suture is a tectonic suture in southern Tibet and across the north margin of the Himalayas which resulted from the collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate.
Himalayas are known to be made up of north dipping thrusts like the Main Central Thrust (MCT), the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT), and the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT). As per the established models, all of these thrusts except MFT are locked, and overall deformation in Himalaya is being accommodated only along with the MFT.
Recently, a group of Scientists from Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology (WIHG), Dehradun have observed that suture zone of the Himalayas or the Indus Suture Zone (ISZ) in the Ladakh region where Indian and Asian Plates are joined has been found to be tectonically active, as against current understanding that it is a locked zone.Incorrect
Indus Tsangpo suture is a tectonic suture in southern Tibet and across the north margin of the Himalayas which resulted from the collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate.
Himalayas are known to be made up of north dipping thrusts like the Main Central Thrust (MCT), the Main Boundary Thrust (MBT), and the Main Frontal Thrust (MFT). As per the established models, all of these thrusts except MFT are locked, and overall deformation in Himalaya is being accommodated only along with the MFT.
Recently, a group of Scientists from Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology (WIHG), Dehradun have observed that suture zone of the Himalayas or the Indus Suture Zone (ISZ) in the Ladakh region where Indian and Asian Plates are joined has been found to be tectonically active, as against current understanding that it is a locked zone. - Question 3 of 31
3. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following mountain pass(s) is/are in the Union Territory of Ladakh?
1. Rezang La
2. Nathu La
3. Khardung La
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Option 1 is correct. Rezang La is a mountain pass on the south-eastern approach to Chushul Valley in the union territory of Ladakh. A major battle was fought between Indian and Chinese forces in 1962 at Rezang La.
Option 2 is incorrect. Nathu La is a mountain pass in the Himalayas in East Sikkim district. It connects the Indian state of Sikkim with China’s Tibet Autonomous Region.
Option 3 is correct. Khardung La is a mountain pass in the Leh district of the union territory of Ladakh. The pass on the Ladakh Range is north of Leh and is the gateway to the Shyok and Nubra valleys.Incorrect
Option 1 is correct. Rezang La is a mountain pass on the south-eastern approach to Chushul Valley in the union territory of Ladakh. A major battle was fought between Indian and Chinese forces in 1962 at Rezang La.
Option 2 is incorrect. Nathu La is a mountain pass in the Himalayas in East Sikkim district. It connects the Indian state of Sikkim with China’s Tibet Autonomous Region.
Option 3 is correct. Khardung La is a mountain pass in the Leh district of the union territory of Ladakh. The pass on the Ladakh Range is north of Leh and is the gateway to the Shyok and Nubra valleys. - Question 4 of 31
4. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following is/are located in Manipur?
1. Kangla Fort
2. Moirang
3. Pakke Tiger Reserve
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Option 1 is correct. The Kangla Fort is situated along the banks of the Imphal River in the city of Imphal, Manipur and is also called the Palace of Kangla. The word Kangla belongs to an ancient language Meitei, which means ‘dry land’.
In ancient times, this fort was the royal palace of King Pakhangba and is a structure of political and religious significance.
In 2004 the Assam Rifles moved out of Imphal’s Kangla Fort, from where Manipuri kings ruled for 2,000 years. The para military force had occupied the fort for 113 years.
Option 2 is correct. Moirang, which is one of the largest towns in Manipur, has a rich history. It had served as the headquarters of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose’s Azad Hind Fauj. Moirang also has a museum of the Indian National Army
Option 3 is incorrect. Pakke Tiger Reserve, also known as Pakhui Tiger Reserve, is a Project Tiger reserve in Arunachal Pradesh.Incorrect
Option 1 is correct. The Kangla Fort is situated along the banks of the Imphal River in the city of Imphal, Manipur and is also called the Palace of Kangla. The word Kangla belongs to an ancient language Meitei, which means ‘dry land’.
In ancient times, this fort was the royal palace of King Pakhangba and is a structure of political and religious significance.
In 2004 the Assam Rifles moved out of Imphal’s Kangla Fort, from where Manipuri kings ruled for 2,000 years. The para military force had occupied the fort for 113 years.
Option 2 is correct. Moirang, which is one of the largest towns in Manipur, has a rich history. It had served as the headquarters of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose’s Azad Hind Fauj. Moirang also has a museum of the Indian National Army
Option 3 is incorrect. Pakke Tiger Reserve, also known as Pakhui Tiger Reserve, is a Project Tiger reserve in Arunachal Pradesh. - Question 5 of 31
5. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyIn which State/UT does the Spanggur Lake lie?
Correct
The Spanggur Tso, also called Maindung Co is a saltwater lake south of Pangong Tso on India China border (East of LAC) between Ladakh UT and Tibet Autonomous Region, China.
Incorrect
The Spanggur Tso, also called Maindung Co is a saltwater lake south of Pangong Tso on India China border (East of LAC) between Ladakh UT and Tibet Autonomous Region, China.
- Question 6 of 31
6. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following location(s) is/are in Ladakh Union Territory?
1. Chusul
2. Spanggur Lake
3. Depsang Plains
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
All of the above locations are around the Line of Actual Control that separates the Indian and Chinese controlled regions in Ladakh UT.
Incorrect
All of the above locations are around the Line of Actual Control that separates the Indian and Chinese controlled regions in Ladakh UT.
- Question 7 of 31
7. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following correctly defines the Macartney–MacDonald Line?
Correct
The Macartney–MacDonald Line is a proposed boundary in the area of Aksai Chin. It was proposed by British Indian Government to China in 1899 via its envoy to China, Sir Claude MacDonald.
This survey was officially sent by the British to China in 1899, was not followed up, and the border remained ‘undefined’.
The Johnson-Ardagh Line surveyed in 1865, ran along the Kunlun Mountain, included Aksai Chin in Kashmir and was not communicated to China.Incorrect
The Macartney–MacDonald Line is a proposed boundary in the area of Aksai Chin. It was proposed by British Indian Government to China in 1899 via its envoy to China, Sir Claude MacDonald.
This survey was officially sent by the British to China in 1899, was not followed up, and the border remained ‘undefined’.
The Johnson-Ardagh Line surveyed in 1865, ran along the Kunlun Mountain, included Aksai Chin in Kashmir and was not communicated to China. - Question 8 of 31
8. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following relates to India-China border demarcation?
1. Macartney–MacDonald Line
2. Ardagh–Johnson Line
3. McMohan Line
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
The Macartney–MacDonald Line was a proposed boundary in the disputed area of Aksai Chin. It was proposed by British Indian Government to China in 1899 via its envoy to China, Sir Claude MacDonald.
This survey was officially sent by the British to China in 1899, was not followed up, and the border remained ‘undefined’.
The Ardagh–Johnson Line was another proposed boundary between China and India in Jammu & Kashmir region. It was formally proposed to the British Indian government by Major General John Ardagh, chief of military intelligence in London, in 1897, based on the surveys conducted by William Johnson in 1865.
McMahon Line is the frontier between Tibet and British India in north east, negotiated between Tibet and Great Britain at the end of the Shimla Conference (October 1913–July 1914) and named for the chief British negotiator, Sir Henry McMahon.# Upon independence in 1947, the government of India fixed its official boundary in the west, which included the Aksai Chin, in a manner that resembled the Ardagh–Johnson Line.
Incorrect
The Macartney–MacDonald Line was a proposed boundary in the disputed area of Aksai Chin. It was proposed by British Indian Government to China in 1899 via its envoy to China, Sir Claude MacDonald.
This survey was officially sent by the British to China in 1899, was not followed up, and the border remained ‘undefined’.
The Ardagh–Johnson Line was another proposed boundary between China and India in Jammu & Kashmir region. It was formally proposed to the British Indian government by Major General John Ardagh, chief of military intelligence in London, in 1897, based on the surveys conducted by William Johnson in 1865.
McMahon Line is the frontier between Tibet and British India in north east, negotiated between Tibet and Great Britain at the end of the Shimla Conference (October 1913–July 1914) and named for the chief British negotiator, Sir Henry McMahon.# Upon independence in 1947, the government of India fixed its official boundary in the west, which included the Aksai Chin, in a manner that resembled the Ardagh–Johnson Line.
- Question 9 of 31
9. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following is/are correctly matched?
1. Serathang – Arunachal Pradesh
2. Nathu La pass – Sikkim
3. Lipulekh Pass – Uttarakhand
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Option 1 is incorrectly matched. Sherathang is a town in Sikkim near the Nathula Pass in India. The location is the site for excise, customs and checking for trade between India and China. Rinqingang is the corresponding location in China.
Option 2 is correctly matched. Lipulekh is a Himalayan pass on the border between Uttarakhand state and the Tibet region of China, near their trijunction with Nepal.
Option 3 is correctly matched. Nathu La is a mountain pass in the Himalayas in East Sikkim district. It connects the Indian state of Sikkim with China’s Tibet Autonomous Region.
# Ministry of External Affairs organizes Kailash Mansarovar Yatra during June to September through two different routes – Lipulekh Pass (Uttarakhand) and Nathu La Pass (Sikkim).Incorrect
Option 1 is incorrectly matched. Sherathang is a town in Sikkim near the Nathula Pass in India. The location is the site for excise, customs and checking for trade between India and China. Rinqingang is the corresponding location in China.
Option 2 is correctly matched. Lipulekh is a Himalayan pass on the border between Uttarakhand state and the Tibet region of China, near their trijunction with Nepal.
Option 3 is correctly matched. Nathu La is a mountain pass in the Himalayas in East Sikkim district. It connects the Indian state of Sikkim with China’s Tibet Autonomous Region.
# Ministry of External Affairs organizes Kailash Mansarovar Yatra during June to September through two different routes – Lipulekh Pass (Uttarakhand) and Nathu La Pass (Sikkim). - Question 10 of 31
10. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following is/are correctly matched?
1. Kibithoo – Assam
2. Sumdorong Chu – Ladakh
3. Pasighat – Arunachal Pradesh
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Option 1 is incorrectly matched. Kibithu or Kibithoo is a town in Arunachal Pradesh in Anjaw district. It is one of the easternmost permanently populated towns of India.
Option 2 is incorrectly matched. Sumdorong Chu is a tributary of the Nyamjang Chu River that flows along the India-China border between the Tibet and the Tawang district of Arunachal Pradesh.
Option 3 is correctly matched. Pasighat is in the East Siang district in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh.Incorrect
Option 1 is incorrectly matched. Kibithu or Kibithoo is a town in Arunachal Pradesh in Anjaw district. It is one of the easternmost permanently populated towns of India.
Option 2 is incorrectly matched. Sumdorong Chu is a tributary of the Nyamjang Chu River that flows along the India-China border between the Tibet and the Tawang district of Arunachal Pradesh.
Option 3 is correctly matched. Pasighat is in the East Siang district in the Indian state of Arunachal Pradesh. - Question 11 of 31
11. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following is/are located in the South China Sea?
1. Pratas Island
2. Shenkaku Island
3. Paracel Island
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Islands in the South China Sea includes Spratly Islands, Pratas Islands, Paracel Islands and Macclesfield Bank; islands on the China coast, on the Vietnam coast, on the Borneo coast, and the peripheral islands of Taiwan, the Philippines, etc.
The Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands is a territorial dispute over a group of uninhabited islands among Japan, People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Republic of China (ROC or Taiwan).Incorrect
Islands in the South China Sea includes Spratly Islands, Pratas Islands, Paracel Islands and Macclesfield Bank; islands on the China coast, on the Vietnam coast, on the Borneo coast, and the peripheral islands of Taiwan, the Philippines, etc.
The Senkaku/Diaoyu Islands is a territorial dispute over a group of uninhabited islands among Japan, People’s Republic of China (PRC) and Republic of China (ROC or Taiwan). - Question 12 of 31
12. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following is/are correctly matched?
1. Khartoum– Sudan
2. Oaxaca– Mexico
2. Baku– Azerbaijan
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Khartoum is the capital of Sudan. It is located at the confluence of the White Nile, flowing north from Lake Victoria, and the Blue Nile, flowing west from Lake Tana in Ethiopia.
Oaxaca is in Mexico; it was in news recently as the Khadi Oaxaca collective was mentioned by the Prime Minister in Mann Ki Baat.
Baku, the capital and commercial hub of Azerbaijan, is a low-lying city with coastline along the Caspian Sea.Incorrect
Khartoum is the capital of Sudan. It is located at the confluence of the White Nile, flowing north from Lake Victoria, and the Blue Nile, flowing west from Lake Tana in Ethiopia.
Oaxaca is in Mexico; it was in news recently as the Khadi Oaxaca collective was mentioned by the Prime Minister in Mann Ki Baat.
Baku, the capital and commercial hub of Azerbaijan, is a low-lying city with coastline along the Caspian Sea. - Question 13 of 31
13. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyThe Mansar Lake is located in which of the following State/UT?
Correct
Mansar Lake is situated 37 km from Jammu, Mansar is a lake fringed by forest-covered hills, over a mile in length by half-a-mile in width.
Surinsar-Mansar Lakes are designated as Ramsar Convention in November 2005.
# Comprehensive Mansar Lake Rejuvenation/Development Plan was launched recently to increase the tourism potential of the historic lake.Incorrect
Mansar Lake is situated 37 km from Jammu, Mansar is a lake fringed by forest-covered hills, over a mile in length by half-a-mile in width.
Surinsar-Mansar Lakes are designated as Ramsar Convention in November 2005.
# Comprehensive Mansar Lake Rejuvenation/Development Plan was launched recently to increase the tourism potential of the historic lake. - Question 14 of 31
14. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Kaziranga National Park?
1. The Brahmaputra River flows north of the park.
2. Kaziranga National Park is prescribed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site in India.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Both statements are correct.
Kaziranga national park is located fairly in the Golaghat and Nagaon regions of Assam in India. It is also placed beside the Brahmaputra River on the North and the Karbi Anglong mounts on the South.
It is famous for the Great Indian one horned rhinoceros; the landscape of Kaziranga is of sheer forest, tall elephant grass, rugged reeds, marshes & shallow pools. It has been declared as National Park in 1974.
The Kaziranga National Park was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1985.Incorrect
Both statements are correct.
Kaziranga national park is located fairly in the Golaghat and Nagaon regions of Assam in India. It is also placed beside the Brahmaputra River on the North and the Karbi Anglong mounts on the South.
It is famous for the Great Indian one horned rhinoceros; the landscape of Kaziranga is of sheer forest, tall elephant grass, rugged reeds, marshes & shallow pools. It has been declared as National Park in 1974.
The Kaziranga National Park was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1985. - Question 15 of 31
15. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following lake is the northernmost of all the Great Lakes?
Correct
Great Lakes, chain of deep freshwater lakes in east-central North America comprising Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario.
Situated on the northern edge of Wisconsin, Lake Superior extends from the upper peninsula of Michigan north to Ontario, Canada, and reaches west to the eastern edge of Minnesota. The name Superior refers to its size and also designates the lake’s position as the northernmost of all the Great Lakes.Incorrect
Great Lakes, chain of deep freshwater lakes in east-central North America comprising Lakes Superior, Michigan, Huron, Erie, and Ontario.
Situated on the northern edge of Wisconsin, Lake Superior extends from the upper peninsula of Michigan north to Ontario, Canada, and reaches west to the eastern edge of Minnesota. The name Superior refers to its size and also designates the lake’s position as the northernmost of all the Great Lakes. - Question 16 of 31
16. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following city(s) is/are correctly matched?
1. Nice – France
2. Vienna – Austria
3. Herat – Syria
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Option 1 is correctly matched. Located in the French Riviera, on the south east coast of France on the Mediterranean Sea, at the foot of the Alps, Nice is the second-largest French city on the Mediterranean coast.
Option 2 is correctly matched. Vienna is the national capital, largest city, and one of nine states of Austria.
Option 3 is incorrectly matched. Herat city is the capital of Herat Province, situated in the fertile valley of the Hari River in the western part of Afghanistan.Incorrect
Option 1 is correctly matched. Located in the French Riviera, on the south east coast of France on the Mediterranean Sea, at the foot of the Alps, Nice is the second-largest French city on the Mediterranean coast.
Option 2 is correctly matched. Vienna is the national capital, largest city, and one of nine states of Austria.
Option 3 is incorrectly matched. Herat city is the capital of Herat Province, situated in the fertile valley of the Hari River in the western part of Afghanistan. - Question 17 of 31
17. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following country(s) border the Mediterranean Sea?
1. France
2. Austria
3. Spain
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Mediterranean Sea, an intercontinental sea that stretches from the Atlantic Ocean on the west to Asia on the east and separates Europe from Africa.
Incorrect
Mediterranean Sea, an intercontinental sea that stretches from the Atlantic Ocean on the west to Asia on the east and separates Europe from Africa.
- Question 18 of 31
18. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhere is the Shaksgam Valley located?
1. North of Baltistan
2. North-West of Siachen glacier
3. North-East of Pangong Tso
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Shaksgam Valley lies to the north-west of Siachen glacier, north of Baltistan, much north-west of Pangong Tso, east of Gilgit and south of Chinese province of Xinjiang.
Incorrect
Shaksgam Valley lies to the north-west of Siachen glacier, north of Baltistan, much north-west of Pangong Tso, east of Gilgit and south of Chinese province of Xinjiang.
- Question 19 of 31
19. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following is/are correctly matched?
1. Kunlun Mountains – Cambodia
2. Pamir Mountains – Russia
3. Taklamakan Desert – China
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Option 1 is incorrectly matched. The Kunlun Mountains constitute one of the longest mountain chains in Asia, extending for more than 3,000 km. The chain forms the northern edge of the Tibetan Plateau south of the Tarim Basin.
Option 2 is incorrectly matched. The Pamirs are the most famous mountain convergence zone in the world. It is the largest mountain convergence zone that was formed by the convergence of the Tianshan Mountains, the Kunlun Mountains, the Himalayas, the Hindu Kush Mountains and the Jierter-Sulaiman Mountains.
Most of the Pamirs lie within Tajikistan, but the fringes penetrate Afghanistan, China, and Kyrgyzstan.
Option 3 is correctly matched. The Taklamakan Desert is a desert in Southwest Xinjiang in Northwest China. It is bounded by the Kunlun Mountains to the south, the Pamir Mountains and Tian Shan to the west and north and the Gobi Desert to the east.Incorrect
Option 1 is incorrectly matched. The Kunlun Mountains constitute one of the longest mountain chains in Asia, extending for more than 3,000 km. The chain forms the northern edge of the Tibetan Plateau south of the Tarim Basin.
Option 2 is incorrectly matched. The Pamirs are the most famous mountain convergence zone in the world. It is the largest mountain convergence zone that was formed by the convergence of the Tianshan Mountains, the Kunlun Mountains, the Himalayas, the Hindu Kush Mountains and the Jierter-Sulaiman Mountains.
Most of the Pamirs lie within Tajikistan, but the fringes penetrate Afghanistan, China, and Kyrgyzstan.
Option 3 is correctly matched. The Taklamakan Desert is a desert in Southwest Xinjiang in Northwest China. It is bounded by the Kunlun Mountains to the south, the Pamir Mountains and Tian Shan to the west and north and the Gobi Desert to the east. - Question 20 of 31
20. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following country(s) border the Bohai Sea?
1. China
2. Mongolia
3. Russia
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
The Bohai Sea is a marginal sea in area on the east coast of mainland China. It is the northwestern and innermost extension of the Yellow Sea, to which it connects to the east via the Bohai Strait.
Incorrect
The Bohai Sea is a marginal sea in area on the east coast of mainland China. It is the northwestern and innermost extension of the Yellow Sea, to which it connects to the east via the Bohai Strait.
- Question 21 of 31
21. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhich of the following country(s) is/are part of the region called ‘Horn of Africa’?
1. Djibouti
2. Eritrea
3. Ethiopia
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Horn of Africa refers to region of eastern Africa. It is the easternmost extension of African land and is mostly defined as the region comprising the countries of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia.
Incorrect
Horn of Africa refers to region of eastern Africa. It is the easternmost extension of African land and is mostly defined as the region comprising the countries of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia.
- Question 22 of 31
22. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyThe Chandipur beach is in which of the following State of India?
Correct
The Chandipur beach in Odisha is one of the unique sea beaches in the country. The water of the sea recedes off shore and proceeds rhythmically after a regular interval twice a day.
Chandipur is also the location of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) where various missile development tests of DRDO take place.Incorrect
The Chandipur beach in Odisha is one of the unique sea beaches in the country. The water of the sea recedes off shore and proceeds rhythmically after a regular interval twice a day.
Chandipur is also the location of the Integrated Test Range (ITR) where various missile development tests of DRDO take place. - Question 23 of 31
23. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhere is Stepanakert located?
Correct
Stepanakert is the de facto capital and the largest city of the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh), though the city is within internationally recognised borders of Azerbaijan.
Incorrect
Stepanakert is the de facto capital and the largest city of the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh (Nagorno-Karabakh), though the city is within internationally recognised borders of Azerbaijan.
- Question 24 of 31
24. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhere is Saltoro Ridge located?
Correct
The Saltoro Mountains are a subrange of the Karakoram Range. They are located in the southeast Karakoram on the southwest side of the Siachen Glacier.
The Indian Army dominates the glaciers, occupying the high ground on the Saltoro ridge on the western edge of the glacier, restricting Pakistani forces to lower positions.Incorrect
The Saltoro Mountains are a subrange of the Karakoram Range. They are located in the southeast Karakoram on the southwest side of the Siachen Glacier.
The Indian Army dominates the glaciers, occupying the high ground on the Saltoro ridge on the western edge of the glacier, restricting Pakistani forces to lower positions. - Question 25 of 31
25. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyThe Ardennes Forest spreads in which of the following country(s)?
1. Luxembourg
2. Belgium
3. Belarus
Select the correct answer using the code given below:Correct
Ardennes Forest is a region of extensive forests, rough terrain, rolling hills and ridges located primarily in Belgium and Luxembourg, but stretching as well into Germany and France.
# PM held India – Luxembourg Virtual Summit with Prime Minister of Grand Duchy of Luxembourg recently. Luxembourg is a small country landlocked by Belgium, France and Germany, and a prominent financial centre.Incorrect
Ardennes Forest is a region of extensive forests, rough terrain, rolling hills and ridges located primarily in Belgium and Luxembourg, but stretching as well into Germany and France.
# PM held India – Luxembourg Virtual Summit with Prime Minister of Grand Duchy of Luxembourg recently. Luxembourg is a small country landlocked by Belgium, France and Germany, and a prominent financial centre. - Question 26 of 31
26. Question
1 pointsCategory: GeographyWhere is Tristan da Cunha located?
Correct
Tristan da Cunha, island and group of islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about midway between southern Africa and South America. The island group is a constituent part of the British overseas territory of St. Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.
It is creating a marine protection zone to safeguard endangered rockhopper penguins, yellow-nosed albatross and other wildlife in an area of the South Atlantic three times the size of the United Kingdom.
The protection zone will become part of the U.K.’s Blue Belt Program, which is providing 27 million pounds ($35.5 million) to promote marine conservation in the country’s overseas territories.Incorrect
Tristan da Cunha, island and group of islands in the South Atlantic Ocean, about midway between southern Africa and South America. The island group is a constituent part of the British overseas territory of St. Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha.
It is creating a marine protection zone to safeguard endangered rockhopper penguins, yellow-nosed albatross and other wildlife in an area of the South Atlantic three times the size of the United Kingdom.
The protection zone will become part of the U.K.’s Blue Belt Program, which is providing 27 million pounds ($35.5 million) to promote marine conservation in the country’s overseas territories.