A Loya Jirga, or “grand council”, is a mass national gathering that brings together representatives from the various ethnic, religious, and tribal communities in Afghanistan.  

• The gathering involves participation of Afghan tribal elders, religious figures, and political leaders.  
• The Loya Jirga is a centuries-old institution that has been convened at times of national crisis or to settle national issues.  

• Historically, it has been used to approve a new constitution, declare war, choose a new king, or to make sweeping social or political reforms.  
• It is considered the “highest expression” of the Afghan people, but it is not an official decision-making body. 

Source: The Hindu