Which of the following factor/s is/are responsible for making Magadha a success over other areas? 1. Advantageous geographical position. 2. It had fertile alluvium and received heavy rainfall. 3. It had benefited from numerous able and ambitious rulers. Choose the correct answer from below given codes:

[A] 1 only

[B] 1 and 2 only

[C] 2 and 3 only

[D] 1, 2 and 3

Answer: D

Notes:

Explanation: Magadha could gradually establish its dominance over all other Mahajanapads on account of several factors.

Firstly, Magadha enjoyed an advantageous geographical position. Due to its proximity and control over the richest iron deposits (found around south Bihar), Magadhan weapons were far superior and effective.
Secondly, Magadha lay at the centre of the middle Gangetic plain, which had fertile alluvium and received heavy rainfall. Thus, this area could be made more productive even without much irrigation.
Thirdly, Magadha certainly benefitted from numerous able and ambitious rulers such as Bimbisara, Ajatashatru, and Mahapadma Nanda. They employed all fair and foul means at their disposal to enlarge their kingdoms.

Source: Tamil Nadu NCERT