Explanation: Meanwhile socialist ideas and its activists also had filled some space through their work among peasants and workers.

• The labour and peasant movements were organized by the ‘leftists. Marxism as an ideology to criticise colonialism and capitalism had gained ground.
• It manifested itself in the organization of students and youth apart from trade unions. Jawaharlal Nehru and Subhas Bose contributed to the spread of leftist ideology.
• They argued that both colonial exploitation and the internal exploitation by the emerging capitalists should be fought.
• A group of youngsters with S A. Dange, M.N Roy, Muzaffar Ahmed along with elderly persons such as Singaravelu form Tamilnadu founded the peasants and worker’s parties.
• The government came down heavily on the communist-socialists and the revolutionaries a series of ‘conspiracy cases’ such as Kanpur, Meerut, Kakori were booked.

Source: Tamil Nadu NCERT