Tag: mains 2021 gs 1 solutions

Certain social values like tolerance, collectivism, spiritualism, non-violence etc have been part of our traditional value system since time immemorial. Indian society has maintained continuity in traditional social values through:    Institution of family has ensured that traditional values pass-on from one generation to next through socialization.    Collective celebration of festivals reinforces values like brotherhood, fraternity, purity, triumph of good over evil etc.   Social gatherings from functions to bhajan-kirtan etc. provide avenue for sharing… Continue reading [Answered] How does Indian society maintain continuity in traditional social values? Enumerate the changes taking place in it.

A cryptocurrency or crypto is a virtual currency secured by cryptography. It is designed to work as a medium of exchange, where individual ownership records are stored in a computerised database. The cryptocurrency works on blockchain technology and is free from control of government agencies.   Cryptocurrency is a new emerging technology which is revolutionizing the way people make monetary transactions.… Continue reading [Answered] What is Cryptocurrency? How does it affect global society? Has it been affecting Indian society also?

Population Education is an educational programme which provides for a study of the population situation of the family, the community, nation and world. The purpose of population education is to develop rational and responsible attitudes/ behaviour in the students towards population/demographic situations.     Objectives of Population Education are:   It helps to understand how family size can be controlled as… Continue reading [Answered] Discuss the main objectives of Population Education and point out the measures to achieve them in India in detail.

The IT industries in India are concentrated in the major metropolitan cities of India such as Bengaluru, Mumbai, Chennai etc. This isolated concentration of the IT industries in these cities have several socio-economic implications such as:   Economic empowerment: Development of IT industries in major cities, have led to the economic empowerment, rise of new middle class through higher employment opportunities and development of ancillary businesses.   Gender… Continue reading [Answered] What are the main socio-economic implications arising out of the development of IT industries in major cities of India?

Mineral oil is unevenly distributed across the world. The immense strategic importance of mineral oil and its lop-sided distribution across the globe have many multi-dimensional implications such as:   Economic implications: Uneven distribution of the mineral oil across the world, leads to economic consequences like inflation, for the importing country. For example, India is susceptible to global shocks in oil prices.   Regional… Continue reading [Answered] Discuss the multi-dimensional implications of uneven distribution of mineral oil in the world.

A mountain range is a sequential chain of mountains or hills with similarity in alignment. The major mountain ranges of the World include, the Himalayas, The Alps mountain range, The Atlas mountain range, the Andes mountain range and the Rocky mountain ranges.   The alignment of these ranges and their impact on local weather condition can be seen as:   A. The Himalayas:    Himalayas extend for a 2500 km from west to east, in an… Continue reading [Answered] Briefly mention the alignment of major mountain ranges of the world and explain their impact on local weather conditions, with examples.

Constructive programmes are the social work initiatives of Mahatma Gandhi launched during inactive phase of freedom struggle. Constructive programmes are said to have played role of keeping moral of congress workers high, widening the meaning of swaraj, and preparation for the next phase of struggle.   The constructive programme of Mahatma Gandhi during non-cooperation and civil disobedience movement, consisted of following work:   Satygraha Sabha made from members of Home Rule… Continue reading [Answered] Bring out the constructive programmes of Mahatma Gandhi during Non-Cooperation Movement and Civil Disobedience Movement.

The world wars have been analysed from multiple perspectives of causes and factors leading to the crisis. Challenge to democratic state system was a fundamental challenge in the inter-war years in light of events that followed.    Several challenges to democratic state system emerged in inter-war years, such as:   Rise of Hitler to power in Germany was amidst weak institutional checks. Nazi Party soon became the only political… Continue reading [Answered] “There arose a serious challenge to the Democratic State System between the two World Wars.” Evaluate the statement.

Moderates were the early proponents and leaders of Indian national movement associated with the Indian National Congress. They used methods of petitions, questioning and debate to vocalise India’s national subjugation and need for its amelioration.   Role of moderates in widening the base of India’s freedom movement:   Moderates provided ideological base for growth of freedom movement. For example, Dada Bhai Naoroji’s economic critique of colonial rule created conviction about exploitative… Continue reading [Answered] To what extent did the role of the Moderates prepare a base for the wider freedom movement? Comment.

Tribal knowledge systems represent inter-generational wisdom in band societies passed on to the present times through centuries of experience and learnings. While similar characteristics can be seen in evolution of mainstream knowledge and culture, tribal knowledge systems are unique due to following reasons:   Tribal societies have contemporary knowledge of nature due to continued closeness to forests, flora and fauna. Mainstream societies have moved on… Continue reading [Answered] Examine the uniqueness of tribal knowledge system when compared with mainstream knowledge and cultural systems

A gig economy is a free market system in which temporary positions are common and organizations hire independent workers for short-term commitments.    Gig economy can help in process of empowerment of women in India in following ways:    Gig employment allows part-time work and flexible working hours which allows women to balance their traditional roles (homemakers and care giver) with employment.    Gig employment complemented by work-from-home (WFH) and technology has addressed the issue of safety during travel and… Continue reading [Answered] Examine the role of ‘Gig Economy’ in the process of empowerment of women in India.

A subcontinent is a part of a continent that has distinct geographical, political and cultural identity. India is considered as a subcontinent because:   Geography: India is seventh largest country in the world. Indian landmass is bounded by Himalayas in the north and Indian ocean in the south that gives it a distinct identity. A long coast line, a large desert (Thar), highest mountains ranges and large plains (India-Ganga-Brahmaputra plains) gives a physiological diversity that can be observed only on continental scale.  As per plate… Continue reading [Answered] Why is India considered as a subcontinent? Elaborate your answer.

A volcano eruption is when lava and gas are released from an active volcano, often explosively. Volcanoes have significant impact on the regional environment, as can be seen from the examples of following volcanoes in 2021:   Hunga Tonga-Hunga Hapai: The submarine volcano erupted in December, 2021.   Taal volcano: The volcano near Manila, experienced eruptions in 2021.   Nyiragongo: The violent/explosive eruption of this… Continue reading [Answered] Mention the global occurrence of volcanic eruptions in 2021 and their impact on regional environment

Land reclamation is one of the most consequential fields of human induced environmental transformation. In this light reclamation of water bodies into urban land use has following environmental consequences:    Damage to water ecology: Urban land transformation leads to creation of residential, commercial buildings, such as houses, restaurants around water bodies, causing degradation of water ecology and influx of… Continue reading [Answered] What are the environmental implications of the reclamation of Water bodies into urban land use? Explain with examples.

Landslides are the movement of mass of debris, earth or rock, sliding down under the effect of gravity. Landslides are a common problem across the Himalayas and Western Ghats. However, the factors for the two differ, as seen in the following table:   Western Ghats   Himalayan region   Heavy mining activities in the western ghat region is a major factor leading to landslides.   Deforestation… Continue reading [Answered] Differentiate the causes of landslides in the Himalayan region and Western Ghats.

India being a part of Gondwanaland, is richly endowed with mineral wealth such as coal, iron, mica, aluminium etc., however, mining sector of India contributes only 2.2% to 2.5% to the GDP of the country. Reasons for low contribution are as under:   Minerals are located in forested tribal areas. Democratic polity with a mandate for welfare creates conflicting priority of mineral exploitation and tribal development.  Multiple clearances… Continue reading [Answered] Despite India being one of the countries of the Gondwanaland, its mining industry contributes much less to its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in percentage. Discuss.

Integration of princely states into India on eve of independence was crucial last step towards realising the dream of an independent Republic of India. But the difference in conditions, issues and aspirations provided difficulties that required stoic attention.   Following administrative issues hindered integration of princely states:   Territorial Contiguity or lack of it such as in Patiala, Kapurthala etc. which were combined into PEPSU, or Jammu and… Continue reading [Answered] Assess the main administrative issues and socio-cultural problems in the integration process of Indian Princely States.

Socio-religious reform movements arose in India during 19th century not only facilitated by but also as a reaction to colonial rule, after the establishment of British political supremacy in India. Young Bengal and Brahmo Samaj represent two important points of these reformist movements.   The rise and growth of socio-religious reform movements in India can be traced in following points:   People from elite class who were educated through modern English education provided the backbone of… Continue reading [Answered]Trace the rise and growth of socio-religious reform movements with special reference to Young Bengal and Brahmo Samaj.

Bhakti literature represents the legacy of a socio-religious reform movement that prevailed from 8th century to 17th century CE.  It was characterised by use of local languages and socially inclusive outlook.   Nature of Bhakti literature is as follows:   Devotional: Kirtana Ghosha of Shankardeva (Vaishnava devotional songs); Thirumurais (Tamil songs in praise of Shiva) etc.   Non-sectarian: In Bhakti poems, Radha-Shyam is supposed to be the equivalent of Seeta-Ram.   Inter-regional appeal: Ramacharitsmanas and Hanuman Chalisa written in Awadh gained popularity across the length and… Continue reading [Answered] Evaluate the nature Of the Bhakti literature and its contribution to Indian culture.